Verb
| Перевод
| Present
| Past
| Future
|
can
/ be able to
| умение, способность, возможность, разрешение, просьба в вежливой форме
| You can do it.
| You could do it.
| You will be able to do it.
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may
/ be allowed to
| разрешение, при not -запрещение, предположение с сомнением
| We may go.
| We might go.
| We will be allowed to go.
|
must
| обязанность, долженствование, твердая необходимость, логическое заключение
| We must do it. We need not do it.
| We had to do it. We were not to come here.
| We will have to do it.
|
ought to
| моральный долг, настоятельный совет, строгая рекомендация
| You ought to write this letter.
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need
| отсутствие необходимости, необязательность
| Need he work so late? We need not have hurried.
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dare
| сметь, посметь (в вопросе и отрицании: не сметь), дерзнуть, осмелиться
| How dare you speak to me? He dare not tell it to me.
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used to
| бывало, раньше (обозначает повторявшееся в прошлом действие или состояние, которого уже нет в настоящем)
|
| He used to live in Leeds. Did he use to live in Leeds? He didn’t use to live in Leeds. = He never used to live in Leeds.
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should
| обязанность (менее сильная, чем must), совет, рекомендация, упрек, порицание, сожаление
| He should not smoke so much. You should not cut your hair.
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would
| желание (с глаголом like), вежливая просьба, прошлая привычка
| Would you like to come again? Would you mind coming again?
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have to
| Вынужденность в силу
обстоятельств,
обязанность.
| I have to read this book.
(do/does)
| I had to read this book yesterday. (did)
| I'll have to read this book tomorrow.
(shall/will)
|
be to
| долженствование в силу договоренности или плана
| I am to study English.
| I was to study English.
| I'll be to study English.
|
to go - not to go, having done - not having done.
Это неличная форма глагола, которая называет действие, но не указывает ни числа, ни лица.