Скатные крыши.

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По форме крыши бывают:

Односкатная ___________________________________________________________________

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Двускатная ____________________________________________________________________

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Шатровая _____________________________________________________________________

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Вальмовая (четырехскатная) _____________________________________________________

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Куполообразная _________________________________________________________________

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Многощипцовая _________________________________________________________________

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Пирамидальная _________________________________________________________________

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Сферическая оболочка (купольная) _________________________________________________

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Мансардные ____________________________________________________________________

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Рис. 9.1. Формы скатных крыш

а – ____________________________________________________________________________

б – ____________________________________________________________________________

в – ____________________________________________________________________________

г – ____________________________________________________________________________

д – ____________________________________________________________________________

е – ____________________________________________________________________________

ж – ____________________________________________________________________________

з – ____________________________________________________________________________

К элементам скатной крыши относят:

Скаты – _______________________________________________________________________

Вальмы - _______________________________________________________________________

Ребра - ________________________________________________________________________

Разжелобок или ендова - _________________________________________________________

Конек – ________________________________________________________________________

Фронтон – _____________________________________________________________________

Щипец – _______________________________________________________________________

Слуховое окно – _________________________________________________________________

Карнизный свес – ________________________________________________________________

Рис. 9.2. Элементы многоскатной крыши

1 – ____________________________________________________________________________

2 – ____________________________________________________________________________

3 – ____________________________________________________________________________

4 – ____________________________________________________________________________

5 – ____________________________________________________________________________

6 – ____________________________________________________________________________

7 – ____________________________________________________________________________

8 – ____________________________________________________________________________

9 – ____________________________________________________________________________

В чердачных скатных крышах несущей конструкцией покрытия является стропильная система, которая состоит из следующих элементов:

- стропильные ноги – ____________________________________________________________

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- мауэрлат – ___________________________________________________________________

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- лежень или опорный брус – _____________________________________________________

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- стойки – ______________________________________________________________________

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- коньковый прогон – _____________________________________________________________

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- раскосы или подкосы – _________________________________________________________

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- распорка или затяжка, _________________________________________________________

- ригель ________________________________________________________________________

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- нарожники – __________________________________________________________________

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- кобылки – ____________________________________________________________________

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- обрешетка – __________________________________________________________________

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Наслонные стропила _____________________________________________________________

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Висячие стропила _______________________________________________________________

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Рис. 9.3. Элементы наслонных стропил

а – ____________________________________________________________________________

б, в – __________________________________________________________________________

1 – ____________________________________________________________________________

2 – ____________________________________________________________________________

3 – ____________________________________________________________________________

4 – ____________________________________________________________________________

5 – ____________________________________________________________________________

6 – ____________________________________________________________________________

7 – ____________________________________________________________________________

8 – ____________________________________________________________________________

9 – ____________________________________________________________________________

Рис. 9.4. Узлы соединения стропильных конструкций

а – ____________________________________________________________________________

б – ____________________________________________________________________________

в – ____________________________________________________________________________

г – ____________________________________________________________________________

д – ____________________________________________________________________________

Рис. 9.5. Наслонные стропила

а – ____________________________________________________________________________

б – ____________________________________________________________________________

в – ____________________________________________________________________________

1 – ____________________________________________________________________________

2 – ____________________________________________________________________________

3 – ____________________________________________________________________________

4 – ____________________________________________________________________________

5 – ____________________________________________________________________________

6 – ____________________________________________________________________________

7 – ____________________________________________________________________________

8 – ____________________________________________________________________________

9 – ____________________________________________________________________________

10 – ___________________________________________________________________________

11 – ___________________________________________________________________________

12 – ___________________________________________________________________________

13 – ___________________________________________________________________________

14 – ___________________________________________________________________________

15 – ___________________________________________________________________________

Рис. 9.6. Висячие стропила

а – ____________________________________________________________________________

б – ____________________________________________________________________________

в – ____________________________________________________________________________

1 – ____________________________________________________________________________

2 – ____________________________________________________________________________

3 – ____________________________________________________________________________

4 – ____________________________________________________________________________

5 – ____________________________________________________________________________

6 – ____________________________________________________________________________

7 – ____________________________________________________________________________

8 – ____________________________________________________________________________

9 – ____________________________________________________________________________

10 – ___________________________________________________________________________

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