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The perfect tenses






The indefinite (simple) tenses

 

1. обычное, регулярное, повторяющееся действие (в настоящем, прошлом или будущем)

2. факт

 

  Present Past Future
Affirmative (+)   I/He + V1/VS   I go to school. He go es to school.   I/He + Ved/V2   I went to school. He went to school.     I/He + shall/will + V1   I shall go to school. He will go to school.
Negative (-)   I/He +do/does not + V1   I do not go to school. He do es not go to school.   I/He + did not + V1   I did not go to school. He did not go to school.   I/He + shall/will not+ V1 (shan’t/ won’t) I shall not go to school. He will not go to school.  
Interrogative (?)   Do/Does + I/he +V1   Do I go to school? Do es he go to school?   Did + I/he + V1   Did I go to school? Did he go to school?   Shall/Will + I/he + V1   Shall I go to school? Will he go to school?  
Time expressions   Every (day, week, month, year) Sometimes Usually Often Always From time to time Seldom   Last (day, week, month, year) … (a week, three days) ago Yesterday In (1957) When …   Next (day, week, month, year) In (a day, 2 weeks, 7 months) Tomorrow The day after tomorrow In the future Soon Tonight

The continuous (progressive) tenses

to be + Ving

1. длительное действие, процесс, протекающий в определенный момент или период времени (длительное)

 

  Present Past Future
Affirmative (+)   I/They +am/is/are + Ving   I am doing the exercise. They are doing the exercise.   I/They +was/were + Ving   I was doing the exercise. They were doing the exercise.     I/They +shall/will be + Ving   I shall be doing the exercise. They will be doing the exercise.
Negative (-)   I/They + am/is/are not + Ving   I am not doing the exercise. They are not doing the exercise..   I/They + was/were not + Ving   I was not doing the exercise. They were not doing the exercise.   I/They + shall/will not be + Ving   I shall not be doing the exercise. They will not be doing the exercise.  
Interrogative (?)   Am/is/are + I/they + Ving   Am I doing the exercise? Are they doing the exercise?   Was/were + I/they + Ving   Was I doing the exercise? Were they doing the exercise?   Shall/Will + I/they + be + Ving   Shall I be doing the exercise? Will they be doing the exercise?  
Time expressions   Now At present At the moment Listen! Look! I hear … I see …   At … o’clock yesterday From … till … o’clock yesterday The whole evening All day long During … While … When I came …   At … o’clock tomorrow From … till … o’clock tomorrow When I come …

 

The perfect tenses

to have + Ved/V3

1. действие, завершенное к определенному моменту; действие, имеющее определенный результат (завершенное)

 

  Present Past Future
Affirmative (+)   I/He + have/has +Ved/V3   I have done the task. He has done the task.   I/He + had +Ved/V3   I had done the task. He had done the task.     I/He + shall/will have +Ved/V3   I shall have done the task. He will have done the task l.
Negative (-)   I/He + have/has not +Ved/V3   I have not done the task. He has not done the task.   I/He + had not +Ved/V3   I had not done the task. He had not done the task.   I/He + shall/will have not +Ved/V3   I shall not have done the task. He will not have done the task.  
Interrogative (?)   Have/Has + I/he +Ved/V3 Have I done the task? Has he done the task?   Had + I/he +Ved/V3   Had I done the task? Had he done the task?   Shall/Will + I/he +Ved/V3   Shall I have done the task? Will he have done the task?  
Time expressions   This … (week, month, year) Just Already Yet Recently / lately By now Ever/ never For / since   By the end of last (week, year) By last (Monday) By … o’clock yesterday When he came … Before he left …     By the end of next (week, year) By next (Monday) By … o’clock tomorrow When he comes … Before he leaves …  

 


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