ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1 1 страница

Термодинамические свойства простых веществ, соединений и ионов в водных растворах и жидком аммиаке:

- изменение энтальпии сгорания веществ и соединений;

и - изменение энтальпии и энергий Гиббса (с – combustion – сгорание, f – formation – образование) при стандартных условиях: р = 1 атм (101333 Па), Т = 298 К; и – абсолютное значение энтропии при стандартных условиях и изобарная теплоемкость веществ при Т = 298 К. Теплоемкость рассчитывается по уравнению C_p = a + bT + cT ² + c^¢ /T ².

Свойства ионов даны при а (активность) = 1 по отношению к воде, термодинамические параметры для иона Н⁺ приняты равными нулю, Т _кр, р _кр и Z _кр – критические температура, давление и коэффициент сжимаемости.

Формула	Название	Агр. сост	Дж× моль–1	, Дж× моль–1× К–1	Теплоемкость, Дж× моль–1× К–1	Температ. интервал	Т кр	р кр	Z кр
				а	b × 103	c¢ × 10–5
Ag	серебро	кр				42, 55	25, 44	23, 97	9, 27	-0, 25	273-1234	-	-	-
Al	алюминий	кр				28, 33	24, 35	20, 67	12, 38	-	273-932	-	-	-
As	мышьяк	кр				35, 61	24, 74	23, 28	5, 74	-	248-800	-	-	-
Au	золото	кр				47, 40	25, 36	23, 68	5, 19	-	298-1336	-	-	-
B	бор	кр				5, 86	11, 09	16, 78	9, 04	-7, 49	298-1700	-	-	-
Ba(a)	барий	кр		a®b =	-	60, 67	28, 28	22, 26	13, 81	-	298-643	-	-	-
Ba(b)	барий	кр		= 630		-	-	10, 46	29, 29	-	643-983	-	-	-
Be	бериллий	кр				9, 54	16, 44	19, 16	8, 87	-4, 77	298-1556	-	-	-
Bi	висмут	кр	-			56, 90	26, 02	18, 79	22, 59	-	298-544	-	-	-
Br	бром	г	-			82, 44	20, 79	19, 98	1, 34	0, 36	298-1000	-	-	-
Br-		г	-	-21887	-23867	163, 39	20, 79	20, 79	-	-	до 20000	-	-	-
Br2		ж	-			152, 11	75, 69	75, 69	-	-	298-332	-	-	-
Br2		г	-			245, 37	36, 07	37, 32	0, 50	-1, 26	298-1600	584, 2		0, 306
C	алмаз	кр	-			2, 37	6, 11	9, 12	13, 22	-6, 14	298-1200	-	-	-
С	графит	тв	-			5, 74	8, 54	16, 86	4, 77	-8, 54	298-2500	-	-	-
C	углерод	г	-			157, 28	20, 84	20, 84	-	-	298-1600	-	-	-
C2		г	-			199, 31	43, 21	30, 67	3, 97	10, 19	298-2000	-	-	-
Ca(a)	кальций	тв	-			41, 63	26, 36	22, 22	13, 93	-	273-713	-	-	-
Cd(a)	кадмий	тв	-			51, 76	25, 94	22, 22	12, 36	-	273-594	-	-	-
Cl	хлор	г	-			165, 08	21, 84	23, 14	-0, 67	-0, 96	298-3000
Cl-		г		-233630	-239860	155, 25	20, 79	20, 79	-	-
Cl2		г				222, 98	33, 93	37, 03	0, 67	-2, 85	298-300	417, 2	76, 1	0, 226
Co(a)	кобальт	тв				30, 04	24, 81	19, 83	16, 75	-	298-700
Cr	хром	кр				23, 64	23, 35	24, 43	9, 87	-3, 68	298-2000
Cs	цезий	кр				84, 35	31, 38	31, 38	-	-	273-301
Cu	медь	кр				33, 14	24, 43	22, 64	6, 28	-	298-1357
D	дейтерий	г				123, 24	20, 79	20, 79	-	-
D2		г				144, 86	29, 20	28, 58	0, 88	1, 96	298-1500
F	фтор	г				458, 64	22, 75	23, 70	-3, 21	-	298-500
F-		г		-259680	-266610	145, 47	20, 79	20, 79	-	-	298-2000
F2		г				202, 67	31, 30	34, 56	2, 51	-3, 51	298-20000	144, 2		0, 292
Fe(a)	железо	кр				27, 15	24, 98	17, 24	24, 77	-	298-700
Ga	галлий	кр				41, 09	26, 07	26, 07	-	-	298-362
Ge	герма-ний	кр				31, 09	23, 35	25, 02	3, 43	-2, 34	298-1210
H	водород	г				114, 60	20, 79	20, 79	-	-	до 20000
H+		г				108, 84	20, 79	20, 79	-	-	до 20000
H-		г				108, 85	20, 79	20, 79	-	-	до 20000
H2		г				130, 32	28, 83	27, 28	3, 26	0, 50	298-3000	33, 3	12, 8	0, 292
Hg	ртуть	ж				75, 90	27, 99	26, 94	0, 08	0, 79	298-629
Hg						174, 85	20, 79	20, 79			до 4000
I	иод	г				180, 67	20, 79	20, 79	0, 68	0.46	298-3000
I-		г		-195020	-221920	169, 15	20, 79	20, 79			до 2000
I2		кр				116, 14	54, 44	40, 12	49, 79		298-385	826, 2		0, 248
I2		г				260, 60	36, 90	37, 40	0, 59	-0, 71	298-3000
In	индий	кр				57, 82	36, 74	90, 25	21, 59		298-430
K	калий	кр				64, 18	29, 58	5, 61	81, 17		298-335
La	лантан	кр				56, 90	27, 82	25, 80	6, 70		298-1153
Li	литий	кр				28, 24	24, 73	6, 86	46, 44	3, 51	298-450
Mg	магний	кр				32, 68	24, 89	22, 30	10, 63	-0, 42	298-920
Mn(a)	марганец	кр				32, 01	26, 28	23, 85	14, 14	-1, 59	298-960
Mo	молиб-ден	кр				28, 62	24, 06	21, 67	6, 95		298–2800
N2	азот	г				191, 50	29, 12	27, 88	4, 27		298–2500	126, 2	33, 5	0, 291
Na	натрий	кр				51, 21	28, 24	16, 82	37, 82		298–371
Na		ж
Ni(a)	никель	кр				29, 87	26, 07	16, 99	29, 46		298–633
Ni(b)		кр		360 (пл)	–	–	–	25, 10	7, 53		633–1725
O	кисло-род	г				160, 95	21, 91	20, 80	0, 01	0, 98	298–3000
O+		г				154, 85	20, 79	20, 79			298–2500
O-		г				157, 69	21, 47	20, 84	–0, 02	0, 75	298–3000
O2		г				205, 04	29, 37	31, 46	3, 39	–3, 77	298–3000	154, 2	50, 1	0, 292
O3	озон	г				238, 82	39, 25	47, 02	8, 04	–9, 04	298–1500	261, 1	54, 6	0, 272
P(бел)	фосфор	тв				41, 09	23, 82	23, 82			273–317
P		ж		Dm H =660				26, 33			317–550
P(кр)		тв		–17450	–12000	22, 80	21, 39	16, 95	14, 89		298–870
P2		г				217, 94	32, 05	36, 16	0, 85	–4, 31	298–2000
Pb	свинец	кр				64, 81	26, 82	24, 23	8, 71		298–601
Pb		ж		Dm H =4770				32, 49	–3, 09		601–1200
Pt	платина	кр				41, 55	25, 86	24, 02	5, 61		298–2000
Ra	радий	кр				(71, 2)	27, 2	27, 2
Rb	рубидий	кр				76, 23	30, 88	30, 88			298–310
S	сера (монокл.)	кр				32, 55	23, 64	23, 64			368–392
S	сера (ромб.)	кр				31, 92	22, 68	22, 68			273–368
S2	сера	г				167, 75	23, 67	23, 67
S2		г				228, 03	32, 51	36, 11	1, 09	–3, 51	200–298
S8		г				429, 94	155, 43
Sb	сурьма	кр				45, 69	25, 23	23, 10	7, 28		273–900
Se	селен	кр				42, 44	25, 36	18, 95	23, 01		273–490
Si	кремний	кр				18, 83	19, 99	22, 82	3, 86	–3, 54	298–1685
Sn	олово (бел.)	кр				51, 55	26, 99	21, 59	18, 10		298–505
Sn		ж		Dm H =7030				21, 54	6, 15	12, 88	505–800
Sr	строн-ций	кр				55, 69	26, 36	22, 22	13, 89		298–830
Te	теллур	кр				49, 50	25, 71	19, 12	22, 09		298–720
Th(a)	торий	кр				53, 39	27, 32	23, 56	12, 72		298–1600
Ti(a)	титан	кр				30, 63	25, 02	21, 10	10, 54		298–1155
Tl(a)	таллий	кр				64, 18	26, 32	22, 01	14, 48		273–500
U(a)	уран	кр				50, 29	27, 66	16, 19	30, 63	2, 05	298–940
W	воль-фрам	кр				32, 64	24, 27	22, 91	4, 69		298–2500
Zn	цинк	кр				41, 63	25, 44	22, 38	10, 04		273–690
Zr(a)	цир-коний	кр				38, 99	25, 44	21, 97	11, 63		298–1135
Неорганические соединения
AgBr		кр		–100420	–97020	107, 11	52, 30	33, 18	64, 43		298–700
AgCl		кр			–109540	96, 23	50, 79	62, 26	4, 18	–11, 30	298–725
AgI		кр		–61920	–66350	115, 48	54, 43	24, 35	100, 83		298–420
AgNO3		кр		–124520	–33600	140, 92	93, 05	36, 65	189, 12		298–433
Ag2O		кр		–30540	–10900	121, 75	45, 86	55, 48	29, 46		298–500
Ag2S(a)		кр		–31800	–39700	143, 51	76, 53	64, 60	39, 96		298–449
Ag2SO4		кр		–715880	–618360	200, 00	131, 38	96, 65	116, 73		298–597
AgBr		кр		–513380	–496600	180, 25	100, 50	49, 95	169, 58		298–370
AgCl		кр		–704170	–628580	109, 29	91, 00	77, 12	47, 83		273–453
AgF		кр		–1510420	–1431150	66, 48	75, 10	72, 26	45, 86	–9, 62	298–727
Al2O3	корунд	кр		–1675690	–1582270	50, 92	79, 04	114, 55	12, 89	–34, 31	298–1800
Al2(SO4)3		кр		–3441800	–3100870	239, 20	259, 41	366, 31	62, 59	–112, 47	298–1100
AsCl3				–305010	–259160	216, 31	133, 47
AsCl3				–270340	–258040	328, 82	75, 48	82, 09	1, 00	–5, 94	298–2000
As2O3		кр		–653370	–577030	122, 72	112, 21	59, 83	175, 73		298–582
As2O3	клау-денит	кр		–656890	–576160	108, 32	95, 65	35, 02	203, 39		298–548
As2O5	арсе-нолит	кр		–921320	–478690	105, 44	116, 52	116, 52
BCl3		г		–402960	–387980	290, 08	62, 63	70, 54	11, 97	–10, 21	298–1000
BF3		г		–1136580	–1119930	254, 01	50, 46	52, 05	28, 03	–8, 87	298–1000
B2O3		кр		–1270430	–1191290	53, 84	62, 76	36, 53	106, 32	–5, 48	298–723
BaCO3		кр		–1210850	–1132770	112, 13	85, 35	86, 90	48, 95	–11, 97	298–1040
BaCl2		кр		–859390	–811710	123, 64	75, 31	71, 13	13, 97		298–1195
Ba(NO3)2		кр		–992070	–797230	213, 80	151, 63	125, 73	149, 37	–16, 74	298–868
BaO		кр		–553540	–525840	70, 29	46, 99	53, 30	4, 35	–8, 28	298–1270
Ba(OH)2		кр		–945490	–855420	100, 83	97, 91	70, 71	91, 43		298–683
BaSO4		кр		–1458880	–1348430	132, 21	102, 09	141, 42	0, 0	–35, 27	298–1300
BeO		кр		–598730	–569540	14, 34	25, 56	35, 35	16, 74	–13, 26	298–1175
BeSO4		кр		–1200810	–1089450	77, 97	85, 69	71, 78	99, 69	–13, 78	298–863
Bi2O3		кр		–570700	–490230	151, 46	113, 8	103, 51	33, 47		298–978
CO	оксид	г	–282922	–110530	–137150	197, 55	29, 14	28, 41	4, 10	–0, 46	298–2500	132, 9	34, 5	0, 294
CO2	диоксид	г		–393513	–394370	213, 66	37, 11	44, 14	9, 04	–8, 54	298–2500	304, 2	72, 9	0, 274
COCl2	фосген	г		–223007	–205310	283, 64	57, 76	67, 15	12, 03	–9, 04	298–1000	455, 2		0, 285
COS	серо-окись	г	–553124	–137235	–168940	231, 53	41, 55	48, 12	8, 45	–8, 20	298–1800	378, 2
CS2	серо-углерод	г				151, 04	75, 65	75, 65
CS2		кр				237, 77	45, 48	52, 09	6, 69	–7, 53	298–1800	552, 2
CaCO3	кальцит	кр		–1206810	–1128350	91, 71	83, 47	104, 52	21, 92	–25, 94	298–1200
CaCl2		кр		–795920	–749340	108, 37	72, 59	71, 88	12, 72	–2, 51	298–1055
CaF2(a)		кр		–1220890	–1168460	68, 45	67, 03	59, 83	30, 46	1, 97	298–1000
CaO		кр		–635090	–603460	38, 07	42, 05	49, 62	4, 52	–6, 95	298–1800
Ca(OH)2		кр		–985120	–897520	83, 39	87, 49	105, 19	12, 01	–19, 00	298–600
CaSO4	ангидрит	кр		–1436280	–1323900	106, 69	99, 66	70, 21	98, 74		298–1400
CdCl2		кр		–396790	–343240	115, 27	73, 22	61, 25	40, 17		298–841
CdO		кр		–258990	–229330	54, 81	43, 64	48, 24	6, 38	–4, 50	298–1500
Cl2O		г				266, 23	45, 44	53, 18	3, 35	–7, 78	298–2000
CoCl2		кр		–312540	–269690	109, 29	78, 49	60, 29	61, 09		298–1000
CrCl3		кр		–556470	–486370	123, 01	91, 80	79, 50	41, 21		298–1217
CrO3		кр		–590360	–513440	73, 22	69, 33	82, 55	21, 67	–17, 49	298–470
CsCl		кр		–442830	–414610	101, 18	52, 63	49, 79	9, 54		298–918
CuO		кр		–162000	–134260	42, 63	42, 30	43, 83	16, 77	–5, 88	298–1359
CuSO4		кр		–770900	–661790	109, 20	98, 87	78, 53	71, 96		298–900
D2O	тяжелая вода	ж		–294600	–243470	75, 90	84, 31	84, 31
D2O		г		–294200	–234550	198, 23	34, 27	34, 27
FeCO3		кр		–738150	–665090	95, 40	83, 26	48, 66	112, 13		298–855
FeO		кр		–264850	–244300	60, 75	49, 92	50, 80	8, 61	–3, 31	298–1450
FeS(a)		кр		–100420	–100780	60, 29	50, 54	0, 502	147, 36		298–411
FeS(b)		кр	a ® b DtH = 4390			50, 42	11, 42		411–1468
Fe2O3		кр		–822160	–740340	87, 45	113, 79	97, 74	72, 13	–12, 89	298–1000
Fe3O4		кр		–111713	–1104170	146, 19	151, 79	86, 27	208, 92		298–866
HBr		г		–56388		158, 58	29, 14	26, 15	5, 86	1, 09	298–1600	363, 2	84, 0
HCN		г				201, 71	35, 90	39, 37	11, 30	–6, 02	298–2500	456, 7	48, 9
HCl		г		–92310	–95300	186, 79	29, 14	26, 53	4, 60	1, 09	298–2000	324, 5	81, 5	0, 266
HD		г			–1470	143, 70	29, 20	29, 25	–1, 15	2, 50	298–1500
HNO3		ж		–173000	–79900	156, 16	109, 87	109, 87
HNO3		г		–133910	–73780	266, 78	54, 12	54, 12
H2O		кр		–291810			4, 41	109, 50	44, 47× 10-6		100–273
H2O		ж		–285830	–237230	69, 95	75, 30	39, 02	76, 64	11, 96	273–380
H2O		г		–241810	–228610	188, 72	33, 61	30, 00	10, 71	0, 33	298–2500	647, 4	238, 3	0, 23
H2O2		г		–135880	–105740	234, 41	42, 39	52, 30	11, 88	–11, 88	298–1500
H2S		г		–20600	–33500	205, 70	33, 44	29, 37	15, 40		298–1800	373, 6	88, 9
H2SO4		ж		–818990	–690140	156, 90	138, 91	156, 90	28, 90	–23, 46	298–553
HgCl2		кр		–228240	–180900	140, 02	73, 91	69, 99	20, 28	–1, 89	298–550
HgO	красн.	кр		–90880	–58660	70, 29	44, 88	56, 04	29, 64		298–800
KCl		кр		–436680	–408930	82, 55	51, 49	41, 38	21, 76	3, 22	298–1000
KOH		кр		–424720	–379220	79, 28	65, 60	42, 66	76, 96		298–522
LiCl		кр		–408270	–384300	59, 30	48, 39	41, 42	23, 40		298–883
LiOH		кр		–484670	–439000	42, 78	49, 58	50, 17	34, 48	9, 50	298–744
MgCl2		кр		–644800	–595300	89, 54	71, 25	79, 08	5, 94	–8, 62	298–900
MgO		кр		–601490	–569270	27, 07	37, 20	48, 98	3, 14	–11, 44	298–3000
Mg(OH)2		кр		–924660	–833750	63, 18	76, 99	46, 99	102, 85		298–541
MnO		кр		–385100	–363340	61, 50	44, 10	46, 48	8, 12	–3, 68	298–1800
MnO2		кр		–521490	–466680	53, 14	54, 02	69, 45	10, 21	–16, 23	298–523
NH3	аммиак	г		–45940	–16480	192, 66	35, 16	29, 80	25, 48	–1, 67	298–1800	405, 6	111, 5	0, 242
NO	оксид азота	г				210, 64	29, 86	29, 58	3, 85	–0, 59	298–2500	180, 3	64, 6	0, 251
NOCl	нитрозил-хлорид	г				263, 50	39, 37	44, 89	7, 70	–6, 95	298–2000	438, 2	92, 4
NO2	диоксид азота	г				240, 06	36, 66	41, 16	11, 33	–7, 02	298–1500	431, 0
N2O	закись азота	г				219, 83	38, 62	45, 69	8, 62	–8, 53	298–2000	309, 7	71, 7	0, 271
N2O4		г				304, 35	79, 16	83, 89	39, 75	–14, 90	298–1000	431, 2
N2O5		г				355, 69	95, 28	127, 45	16, 54	–32, 85	298–2000
NaCl		кр		–411120	–384130	72, 13	50, 81	45, 94	16, 32		298–1070
NaOH		кр		–426350	–380290	64, 43	59, 66	7, 34	125, 00	13, 58	298–566
Na2O		кр		–417980	–379260	75, 06	68.89	77, 11	19, 33	–12, 59	298–1000
NiCl2		кр		–304180	–258030	98, 07	71, 67	73, 27	13, 23	–4, 98	298–1300
NiO(a)		кр		–239740	–211600	37, 99	44, 31	–20, 88	157, 23	16, 28.	298–525
PCl3		г		–287020	–267980	311, 71	71, 84	80, 11	3, 10	7, 99	298–1000	324, 5	64, 5
PtCl2		кр		–106690	–93370	219, 79	75, 52	67, 78	25, 98		298–854
RaCl2		кр		–887600	–842900	144, 4	80, 25	77, 04	10, 9		298–1000
SO2	диоксид серы	г		–296900	–300210	248, 07	39, 87	46, 19	7, 87	–7, 70	298–2000	430, 7	77, 8	0, 268
SO2Cl2	хлористый сульфурил	ж		–394130	–321490	216, 31	133, 89				219–342
SO2Cl2		г		–363170	–318850	311, 29	77, 40	87, 91	16, 15	14, 23	298–1000
SO3	Трех-окись серы	г	–	–395850	–371170	256, 69	50, 09	64, 98	11, 75	–16, 37	298–1300	461, 4	88, 8	0, 262
SbCl2		кр	–	–381160	–322450	183, 26	110, 46	43, 10	213, 80	–	273–346	–	–	–
Sb2O3		кр	–	–715460	–636060	132, 63	111, 76	92, 05	66, 11	–	298–930	–	–	–
SiCl4		ж	–	–687850	–620750	239, 74	145, 27	145, 27	–	–	298–330	–	–	–
SiCl4		г	–	–657520	–617620	330, 95	90, 37	101, 46	6, 86	–11, 51	298–1000	506, 2	37, 1	–
SiO2	Cтекло	тв	–	–903490	–850710	46, 86	44, 35	56, 02	15, 41	–14, 44	298–2000	–	–	–
SnCl4		ж	–	–528866	–457740	258, 99	165, 27	165, 27	–	–	298–388	–	–	–
SnCl4		г	–	–489110	–449550	364, 84	98, 32	106, 98	0, 84	–7, 87	298–1000	–	–	–
TiCl4		ж	–	–804160		252, 40	145, 20	142, 79	8, 71	–0, 14	298–410	–	–	–
TiCl4		г	–	–763160		354, 80	95, 45	107, 18	0, 47	–10, 55	298–2000	–	–	–
ZnCl2		кр	–	–415050	–369390	111, 46	67, 53	60, 67	23, 01	–	298–550	–	–	–
ZnCl2		г	–	–265680	–269240	276, 54	54, 90	60, 25	0, 84	–	1005–2000	–	–	–
ZrCl4		кр	–	–979770	–889270	181, 42	119, 77	124, 97	14, 14	–8, 37	298–607	–	–	–
ZrCl4		г	–	–869310		368, 19	98, 32	107, 46	0, 29	–8, 20	607–2000	–	–	–
ZrO2		кр	–	–1097460	–1039720	50, 36	56, 05	69, 62	7, 53	–14, 06	298–1480	–	–	–
Органические соединения. Углеводороды
CH4	метан	г	–890355	–74847, 5	–50793	186, 18	35, 714	17, 451	60, 458	1, 117	298–1500	191, 6	46, 0	0, 29
C2H2	ацетилен	г	–1299634			198, 735	43, 927	21, 242	85, 767	–58, 34	298–1500	308, 3	61, 6	0, 274
C2H4	этилен	г	–126398			219, 450	43, 555	4, 196	154, 59	–81, 09	298–1500	282, 4	50, 5	0, 270
C2H4	этан	г	–1559878	–84667	–32886	229, 492	52, 655	4, 493	182, 26	–74, 85	298–1500	305, 5	48, 2	0, 285
C3H4	пропин	г	–1937652			248, 111	60, 668	18, 451	157, 36	60, 16	–	401, 0	52, 8	0, 270
C3H4	пропа-диен (аллен)	г	–1944346			243, 927	58, 994	15, 146	151, 33	–50, 87	273–1200	303, 2	43, 5	0, 281
C3H6	пропен	г	–2058486			266, 939	63, 889	3, 305	235, 86	–117, 6	298–1500	305, 0	45, 6	0, 274
C3H6	цикло-пропан	г	–			237, 693	55, 228	–	–	–	–	397, 8	54, 2
C3H8	пропан	г	–2220030	–103846	–23488	269, 909	73, 512	–4, 799	307, 31	–160, 2	298–1500	370, 0	42, 0	0, 277
C4H6	1, 3-бу-тадиен (диви-нил)	г	–2541738			278, 738	79, 537	–2, 958	340, 08	–223, 7	29 ⇐ Предыдущая10111213141516171819Следующая ⇒ Поделиться с друзьями: