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Text A. Field crops






1. By the word " crop" we understand every useful plant cultivated for the benefit of mankind1. Depending upon their field of application2, crops can be subdivided into the following four groups:

2. Food crops3, including mainly cereals, or grain crops. The most important of them is wheat, which is grown practically at all latitudes. Wheat is followed by4 rye grown essentially in Northern countries. Next to rye in significance comes barley used for the preparation of gruels and for malting. Buckwheat and millet serve principally for making gruels. Oats belong both to the group of food and feed crops. Porridge made of it is a highly nutritive food for man, but oats are practically widely used for feeding domestic animals. To the group of food crops also belong rice, tea, coffee, cocoa, grapes, etc.

3. Feed crops5 are those, the main purpose of which is to supply provender to cattle. Many varieties of grasses belong to this group: clover, timothy, alfalfa, vetch, etc. Many of these grasses serve at the same time the purpose of returning to the soil those particular nutritive elements which the preceding crop6 has extracted from the earth. Swedes and mangle are also important feed crops.

4. Industrial crops7 are those that provide raw materials for further processing8. Sugar beet is the main primary9 for the sugar industry. The flax plant yields the fine fibres of which linen is made. Flax oil received from the seeds is known to be a food product and an industrial as well. The hemp plant also yields raw materials for producing rough cloth, sacking and oil. Perhaps the most important industrial crop for the textile industry is cotton. The cotton plant yields the cotton fibre. The seeds are either kept for sowing again, or are used in making oil and oil-cake for cattle. The main oil crop in our country is the sunflower plant, which gives one of the best food oils and oil-cake for cattle. The potato plant is one of the most important field crops. This tuber crop is a very valuable food, feed, and industrial crop as well. Nowadays the cultivation of the potato plant has widely spread throughout the world10. Potatoes are grown on almost all classes of soil. That is why11 this tuber crop is grown in all regions of our country.

5. The fourth group of crops is represented12 by vegetables.

Notes and Commentaries:

1cultivated for the benefit of mankind – які вирощуються для користі людини

2depending upon their field of application – залежно від сфери їх застосування

3food crops – харчові культури

4wheat is followed by – запшеницею йде

5feed crops – кормові культури

6the preceding crop – культура-попередник

7industrial crops – технічні культури

8for further processing – для подальшої переробки

9primary – первинна (сировина)

10has widely spread throughout the world – широко розповсюдилася по всьому світі

11that is why – ось чому

12is represented – представлена


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