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Word order in a sentence.




English word order is strict and rather inflexible. As there are few endings in English that show person, number, case and tense, English relies on word order to show relationships between words in a sentence. English nouns do not have any case endings (only personal pronouns have some case endings), so it is mostly the word order that tells us where things are in a sentence, and how they interact. For example: The dog sees the cat; The cat sees the dog. The subject and the object in these sentences are completely the same in form. How do you know who sees whom? The rules of English Word order patterns in English sentences. A sentence is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate and expressing a complete thought. Word order arranges separate words into sentences in a certain way and indicates where to find the subject, the predicate, and the other parts of the sentence. Word order and context help to identify the meanings of individual words. English sentences are divided into declarative sentences (statements), interrogative sentences (questions), imperative sentences (commands, requests), and exclamatory sentences. Declarative sentences are the most common type of sentences. Word order in declarative sentences serves as a basis for word order in the other types of sentences. The main minimal pattern of basic word order in English declarative sentences is SUBJECT + PREDICATE. Examples: Maria works. Time flies. The most common pattern of basic word order in English declarative sentences is SUBJECT + PREDICATE + OBJECT, often called SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT (SVO) in English linguistic sources. Examples: Tom writes stories. The dog sees the cat. An ordinary declarative sentence containing all five parts of the sentence, for example, " Mike read an interesting story yesterday", has the following word order: The subject is placed at the beginning of the sentence before the predicate; the predicate follows the subject; the object is placed after the predicate; the adverbial modifier is placed after the object (or after the verb if there is no object); the attribute (an adjective) is placed before its noun (attributes in the form of a noun with a preposition are placed after their nouns). In Declarative sentences -Subject + predicate (+ object + adverbial modifier): Maria works. Interrogative sentences include general questions, special questions, alternative questions, and tag questions. In general questions -auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (+ object + adverbial modifier): Do you live here? – Yes, I do. In special questions - question word + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (+ object + adverbial modifier): Where does he live? – He lives in Paris. Alternative questions are questions with a choice. Word order before " or" is the same as in general questions: Is he a teacher or a doctor? – He is a teacher. Tag questions consist of two parts. The first part has the same word order as statements; the second part is a short general question (the tag): He is a teacher, isn't he? – Yes, he is. Imperative sentences (commands, instructions, requests) have the same word order as statements, but the subject (you) is usually omitted: Go to your room. Polite requests in English are usually in the form of general questions using " could, may, will, would". (See Word Order in Requests in the section Grammar.): Could you help me, please? Exclamatory sentences have the same word order as statements (i.e., the subject is before the predicate): She is a great singer! English sentences are also divided into simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences. A simple sentence, or independent clause, has a subject and a predicate and other necessary parts of the sentence: Life goes on. A compound sentence consists of two (or more) simple sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction (e.g., and, but, or). Each simple sentence has a subject and a predicate: Maria lives in Moscow, and her friend Elizabeth lives in New York. A complex sentence consists of the main clause and the subordinate clause connected by a subordinating conjunction (e.g., that, after, when, since, because, if, though). Each clause has a subject and a predicate: I told him that I didn't know anything about their plans.


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