Main Clause Adverb-Clause Adverbial Relation

He will succeed because he works hard. Reason or Cause

He worked so hard that he was taken ill. Result or Effect

He took medicine that he might get well. Purpose

I will do this if I am allowed. Condition

He is honest although he is poor Concession or Contrast

He likes you more than (he likes) me. Comparison

He likes you as much as I do.

The pain ceased *when the dentist came in. Time

Fools rush in *where angels fear to tread. Place

Note. – Those conjunctions which are marked with an asterisk*, namely “when”, “where”, are also known as Relative or Conjunctive adverbs. To the same class belong the words “how, why, whether, whither”.

After the conjunctions “though, when, unless, till, if, whether... or, and while”, the Predicate-verb “to be” in some finite form is often understood. This must be supplied in the Analysis.

Ex. “Though (he was) much alarmed, he did not lose all hope. He sprained his foot, while “he was” walking in the dark. His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong, does not concern me”.

When an adverb-clause is introduced by “than”, its Predicate-Verb is sometimes not expressed; it must therefore be borrowed from the clause to which it is subordinate: He loves you better than (he loves) me. He loves you better than I (love you).

Ex.3. Pick out the Adverb-clause or clauses in the following. Show what word or phrase is qualified by every such clause, and what Adverbial relation is denoted thereby:

1. He will succeed because he has worked hard.
2. Men engage in some work that they may earn a living.
3. He threatened to beat him unless he confessed.
4. He was always honest although he was poor.
5. This is not true so far as I can tell.
6. He likes you as much as I do.
7. He tried for a long time before he succeeded.
8. Let us go to bed as it is now late.
9. He walked with care lest he should stumble.

10. I agree to this provided you sign your name.

11. Though he punishes me, yet will I trust in him.

12. He returned home after he had finished the work.

13. Prove a friend before you trust him.

14. When the cat’s away the mice play.

15. He persevered so steadily that he succeeded at last.

16. I will let off this man who has been well punished already.

17. He sees very well considering that he is sixty years of age.

18. I gave him a prize that he might work harder next year.

19. They deserted their former associate who had become poor and unfortunate.

20. As the tree falls so will it lie.

21. Ever since we left the house, it has not ceased raining.

22. I should be glad to lend you that money if I had as much in my own pocket.

23. Murder, though it has no tongue, will yet speak.

24. Unless you leave the house at once, I will send for a policeman.

25. A jackal, while prowling about the suburbs of a town, slipped into an indigo tank; and not being able to get out, he laid himself down so that he might be taken for dead.

26. Ambassadors were sent from Sparta who should sue for peace.