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Скатные крыши.
_______________________________________________________________________________ По форме крыши бывают: Односкатная ___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Двускатная ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Шатровая _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Вальмовая (четырехскатная) _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Куполообразная _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Многощипцовая _________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Пирамидальная _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Сферическая оболочка (купольная) _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Мансардные ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Рис. 9.1. Формы скатных крыш а – ____________________________________________________________________________ б – ____________________________________________________________________________ в – ____________________________________________________________________________ г – ____________________________________________________________________________ д – ____________________________________________________________________________ е – ____________________________________________________________________________ ж – ____________________________________________________________________________ з – ____________________________________________________________________________
Скаты – _______________________________________________________________________ Вальмы - _______________________________________________________________________ Ребра - ________________________________________________________________________ Разжелобок или ендова - _________________________________________________________ Конек – ________________________________________________________________________ Фронтон – _____________________________________________________________________ Щипец – _______________________________________________________________________ Слуховое окно – _________________________________________________________________ Карнизный свес – ________________________________________________________________
Рис. 9.2. Элементы многоскатной крыши 1 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 3 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 4 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 5 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 6 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 7 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 8 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 9 – ____________________________________________________________________________
В чердачных скатных крышах несущей конструкцией покрытия является стропильная система, которая состоит из следующих элементов: - стропильные ноги – ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - мауэрлат – ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - лежень или опорный брус – _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ - стойки – ______________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - коньковый прогон – _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - раскосы или подкосы – _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - распорка или затяжка, _________________________________________________________ - ригель ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - нарожники – __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - кобылки – ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ - обрешетка – __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Наслонные стропила _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Висячие стропила _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Рис. 9.3. Элементы наслонных стропил а – ____________________________________________________________________________ б, в – __________________________________________________________________________ 1 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 3 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 4 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 5 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 6 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 7 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 8 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 9 – ____________________________________________________________________________ Рис. 9.4. Узлы соединения стропильных конструкций а – ____________________________________________________________________________ б – ____________________________________________________________________________ в – ____________________________________________________________________________ г – ____________________________________________________________________________ д – ____________________________________________________________________________
Рис. 9.5. Наслонные стропила а – ____________________________________________________________________________ б – ____________________________________________________________________________ в – ____________________________________________________________________________ 1 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 3 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 4 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 5 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 6 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 7 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 8 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 9 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 10 – ___________________________________________________________________________ 11 – ___________________________________________________________________________ 12 – ___________________________________________________________________________ 13 – ___________________________________________________________________________ 14 – ___________________________________________________________________________ 15 – ___________________________________________________________________________
Рис. 9.6. Висячие стропила а – ____________________________________________________________________________ б – ____________________________________________________________________________ в – ____________________________________________________________________________ 1 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 3 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 4 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 5 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 6 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 7 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 8 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 9 – ____________________________________________________________________________ 10 – ___________________________________________________________________________
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