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Lexical Exercises. Exercise 1. Find the English equivalents for the words and word- combinations
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Exercise 1. Find the English equivalents for the words and word- combinations
given below. Use them in the sentences of your own.
| современная цивилизация | добывать металл |
| иметь огромное значение | химический элемент |
| куски природного металла | золотой самородок |
| месторождение меди | преимущество меди над камнем |
| встречаться в чистом виде | твердый |
| подвергаться термической обработке | мягкий |
| ковкий | блеск |
| плавка (плавление) | извлечение чистого металла из руды |
| обрабатывать металл | свинец |
Exercise 2. Match the English words and word-combinations given
below with their Russian equivalents.
| 1. the place of metals in the modern | 1. придавать любую форму world |
| 2. to pick from the surface of the ground | 2. твердый материал |
| 3. deposits of copper | 3. как и серебро |
| 4. the need for iron | 4. наиболее широко используемый металл |
| 5. to work to any shape | 5. обрабатывать металлы |
| 6. alongside with silver | 6. место металлов в современном мире |
| 7. a hard material | 7. основные металлургические ремесла |
| 8. basic metallurgical arts | 8. потребность в железе |
| 9. the most widely used metal | 9. поднять с поверхности земли |
| 10. to work metals | 10. месторождения меди |
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.
1. What is modern civilization based on?
2. What were the materials that helped man most to develop? Why?
3. Was iron the first metal to oust stone?
4. When did man start using metals?
5. Where was evidence of early metal-work found?
6. Why is gold widely used for ornaments?
7. What was the 4th metal discovered and what are its properties?
Exercise 4. Complete the following statements by choosing the answer which
you think fits best. Are the other answers unsuitable? Why?
1. Modern civilization is based on metals because:
a) three quarters of all known chemical elements are metals.
b) they can be used to produce a wide variety of things.
c) they are very cheap.
2. Gold has been used for ornaments for thousands of years because:
a) it has beautiful luster.
b) it is not very strong.
c) it is scarce.
3. Heat treatment is used because:
a) it makes iron harder.
b) it protects iron against corrosion.
c) it improves the properties of iron.
4. Copper began to oust stone because:
a) it could be readily worked to any shape.
b) there was more copper than stone on the surface of the Earth.
c) it had a beautiful luster.
Exercise 5. Give a written Russian translation of the following definitions.
Copper - a ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metallic element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. It is widely used either pure or in alloys such as brass or bronze.
Gold - a soft yellow, corrosion-resistant element, the most malleable ductile metal, occuring in veins and alluvial deposits and recovered by mining, or by panning sluicing. It is a good thermal and electrical conductor, generally alloyed to increase its strength, and used as an international monetary standard, in jewelry, for decoration and as a plated coating on a wide variety of electrical and mechanical components.
Silver - a lustrous white, ductile malleable metallic element, occuring both uncombined and in ores such as argentite, having the lightest thermal and electrical conductivity of the metals. It is highly valued for jewelry, tableware and other ornamental use, and is widely used in coinage, photography, dental and soldering alloys, electrical contacts and printed circuits.
Lead - soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white, dense metallic element, extracted chiefly from galena.
Task 3