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Compose word combinations. Made your own sentences on the topic of the text
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earth-moving tractor
excavating shovel
site equipment
continuous plant
crawler preparation
pneumatic edge
cutting tracks
revolving machinery
railroad chain
mechanical tyre
13. Find synonyms. Explain a bit difference in each pair
annual 1. to reach
amount 2. to fulfill
to come up to 3.work
to require 4.to have room for
job 5. year
preliminary 6. to demand
to carry out 7. not small
to excavate 8. quantity
continuous 9. to dig
considerable 10.preparatory
huge 11. enormous
accommodate 12. endless
Find correct and incorrect statements. Add some more information from the text
1. On large construction sites where a considerable volume of concrete is required a central mixing plant is generally used. 2. A bulldozer is an earth-moving machine which planes off a thin layer of soil, picks it up, and carries it where required. 3. The tower cranes are employed for lifting materials and structural elements onto the buildings being erected. 4. The first revolving shovels were mounted on railway tracks and powered by steam. 5. Site preparation and excavation are operations which are usually carried out with manpower. 6. A scraper is simply a large box fitted with a cutting edge that digs. 7. Since excavators are heavy and slow-moving machines, they are carried from site to site on special transporters.
Tasks before reading:
Define meanings of these words
mobile cranes, pneumatic type, tower cranes, for lifting installation, climbing cranes, to compensate, stationary, impracticable
Find suitable meaning of English terms to Russian ones. Explain their meaning
| 1. to hoist 2.to suspend 3.a jib 4.to handle 5.a winch 6.to mount 7.to fit 8.a wheel 9.a caterpillar 10.a track 11.a lorry 12.a chassis 13.to revolve 14.a boom 15.a counterweight 16.a pulley 17.a hook 18.turntable 19.trolley 20.precisely 21.to dismantle | подходить соответствовать подниматься гусеничная лента управлять грузовик стрела (крана) поворотная платформа противовес поднимать шасси блок, ролик разбирать лебедка вращаться тележка рана подвешивать колесо крюк точно именно поднимать демонстрировать |
Read the text. Find words and word combinations describing all kinds of cranes
Cranes
(1) The function of a crane is to hoist or lower a load suspended from its jib. Various types of cranes are available, the type and size best suited for a specific operation being influenced by the following factors: 1. The nature of the work on which it is to operate. 2. The weight of load it has to handle.
(2) Mobile Cranes. Mobile cranes have a wide range of uses on building and civil engineering works of construction. Cranes of this type usually take the form of a frame carrying a jib, a winch, and other necessary hoisting and controlling equipment, the whole being mounted on a cast-iron bed plate fitted with road wheels of the pneumatic type. One may also have them mounted on caterpillar tracks or on a lorry chassis if desired.
(3) Tower Cranes. Tower cranes are of predominant use in construction' practice. They are employed for lifting materials, parts and whole structures onto the buildings being erected, for the installation of separate elements and for loading and unloading operations.
(4) A tower crane consists essentially of a support, a tower, a revolving structure, a boom, a counterweight, and controls.
(5) The operating members consist of the boom, a hoisting pulley and a load handling attachment, usually a hook. The counterweight compensates for the weight of the boom and part of the weight of the load being lifted by the crane.
(6) As to the design, the tower cranes are subdivided into two main groups. The first group includes cranes with the turntable and the counterweight mounted at the top of the stationary tower. Some cranes of this type have a trolley travelling along the boom which makes it much easier to set structural elements precisely in the required place.
(7) The Climbing Crane. The climbing crane has been developed to meet the demands for a crane capable of working on buildings taller than can be accommodated by rail-mounted tower cranes. It is also intended for use where restricted site conditions make track laying and consequently the use of a rail-mounted tower crane impracticable. Principal advantages of this crane are:
(8) 1) Lightness and ease of operation. 2) No real limitation to the height of the building upon which it can work. It can be used on buildings up to approximately 420 ft. high. 3) The crane climbs as the construction work progresses. 4) It can be employed on the site from the beginning of the construction, since with a suitable foundation block it will stand and work until the building progresses far enough for the crane to stand on the first floor. All the operations including the erection and climbing and dismantling are power-driven.
Tasks after reading: