Read the text below. Choose from (A—H) the one which best fits each space (17—22). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

PARKOUR

Parkour is a movement philosophy (17). It is a bit difficult to define parkour, since it

integrates several disciplines; it could be said to be a sport, a hobby, and a philosophy. Essentially,

parkour is about learning to navigate obstacles, and rethinking the use of one’s body and the use of

public spaces.

The earliest form of parkour was developed by Georges Hebert, (18) who served during

the First and Second World Wars. As he served France, he also travelled, and he was struck by the

efficient, flowing gymnastic movements of some of the African tribes he visited. When he returned

to France, he started to develop a method of natural movement for members of the military, (19) and effectively around a wide variety of obstacles. The mé thode naturelle began to be regularly taught, setting the stage for the development of parkour.

One of the founding figures of parkour is David Belle, who was taught the mé thode naturelle by his father in the 1980s. Parkour is also known as l’art du dé placement, (20), and somepeople simply call it «PK». Someone who practises parkour is known as a traceur, or a traceuse ifshe is female.

This sport began to be popularized in the 1990s, (21). Some traceurs have expressed unhappiness with the mainstreaming of the sport, especially since parkour can be dangerous when it is practised by someone (22). The art includes flying leaps, jumps, and other physically challenging moves which can look very showy, but also be hazardous.

A when you can navigate an obstacle course

B which translates as «the art of displacement»

C who has not received proper training

D a French naval officer

E when several films were made about parkour

F includes education in the martial arts

G in which men and women were encouraged to move efficiently

H which was developed in twentieth-century France

Task 3/ 391

Read the text below. Match choices (A—H) to (11—16). There are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Finland

The outdoors and physical fitness are important to the Finns, who have a wide range of activities, including walking, fishing (and ice fishing), camping, skiing, track and field, basketball, ice hockey, and boating. Golf is gaining in popularity; some people play it even on the ice in winter. The sauna is a traditional way to relax and socialize for people of all ages. During a retreat to a summer cottage, a popular activity is to run from a hot sauna for a swim in a cold, clear lake nearby.