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HAND OUT №105
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Discipline: English as a foreign language Credits: 2
Upper-intermediate l evel Practical lesson
Lexical theme: Business.
Grammatical theme: Clauses of contrast and purpose.
Teacher: associate professor Adilbayeva U.B.
GRAMMAR COMMENT: Clauses of contrast and purpose [4, p.224]
| Last year Jack and Jill spent their holidays by the sea. It rained a lot but they enjoyed themselves. Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves. (=It rained a lot but they…)or In spite of} Despite} the rain, they enjoyed themselves Clauses of contrast: 1. Although the weather was terrible, we had a good time. I went to work even though I was ill. I like Ann though she sometimes annoys me. 2. In spite of/Despite his age, he is still very active. Use although, though, even though + clause - Although and even though can be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. - Even though is stronger than although and used to express a big or surprising contrast - Though is more informal than although. It can only be used in the middle of a sentence. After in spite of or despite, use a noun, a verb in the –ing form, or the fact that+ subject+verb Clauses of purpose: 1. I went to the bank to/ in order totalk to my bank manager/so as to 1. I went to the bank for meeting with my bank manager 2. I went to the bank so thatI could take out some money. 3. I wrote it down so as not to forget it. Use to, in order to, so as to, for or so that to express purpose. 1. After to, in order to, so as to use an infinitive. 2. Use for + a noun, e.g. for a meeting. 3. After so that, use a subject +modal verb (can, could, would, etc) 4. To express a negative purpose use so as not to or in order not to |