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Web App Hosting Architecture


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Before we create and deploy a web app, we must design our architecture to ensure that it meets our requirements. The following table shows how Amazon EC2, Amazon EBS, Amazon S3, Auto Scaling, Elastic Load Balancing, Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon Route 53, and Amazon CloudFront work together to provide a seamless and cost-effective architecture.

Table 4.1- Displays the minimum requirements for the system architecture of Web App

Requirement Solution
Low-cost, reliable application and database servers
  • Amazon EC2 provides virtual servers in the cloud. We control specify the protocols, ports, and source IP address ranges that can access our virtual servers.
  • Amazon EBS provides a persistent file system for Amazon EC2 virtual servers.
  • Amazon RDS provides a cost-efficient and resizable database server that's easy to administer.
An easy way to provision servers to handle peak capacity without incurring costs when the extra capacity isn't needed
  • Elastic Load Balancing supports health checks on hosts, distributes traffic to virtual servers across multiple isolated locations, known as Availability Zones, and dynamically adds or removes virtual servers from the load-balancing rotation.
  • Auto Scaling supports groups of servers that can grow or shrink on demand.
  • CloudWatch collects metrics data for our virtual servers, which can be used by Auto Scaling.
A reliable and cost-effective way to route users to our web app
  • Amazon Route 53 maps human-readable names to IP addresses.

 

The following diagram shows example architecture for a web app that employs the services described in the previous table. The web and application tiers run on EC2 instances in public subnets. Access to the EC2 instances over SSH is controlled by a security group, which acts as a firewall. The Auto Scaling group maintains a fleet of EC2 instances that can scale to handle the current load. This Auto Scaling group spans multiple Availability Zones to protect against the potential failure of a single Availability Zone. The load balancer distributes traffic evenly among the EC2 instances. When the Auto Scaling group launches or terminates instances based on load, the load balancer automatically adjusts accordingly. The database tier consists of DB instances in private subnets, including a master and a local slave, located in multiple Availability Zones for failover protection. Access to the DB instances from the EC2 instances is controlled by a security group. Amazon Route 53 provides secure and reliable routing of our domain name to our infrastructure hosted on AWS.

Figure 4.1 - System architecture


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