Spelling and Reading

Spelling and Reading

1. [p] is pronounced when spelt as:

p pen [ ], help [ ], lip [ ]

pp happy[ ], poppy [ ]

Other Spelling:

gh hiccough [ ]

[p] is not pronounced:

a) in the words: cupboard [ ],

receipt [ ],

raspberry [ ]

b) in Greek words pneumonia [ ],

before n, s, t psalm [ ], Ptolemy [ ]

2. [b] is pronounced when spelt as:

b boy [ ], bad [ ], blow [ ]

bb ebb [ ], stubborn [ ]

[b] is not pronounced in the

words after m and before t: lamb [ ], plumber [ ],

comb [ ], bomb [ ],

debt [ ], doubt [ ],

subtle [ ], tomb [ ]

The sounds [t], [d]

Spelling and Reading

3. [t] is pronounced when spelt as:

t train [ ], tea [ ], stop [ ]

tt butter [ ], written [ ],

Other Spelling

- ed preceded by a

voiceless consonant stopped [ ], helped [ ]

th in some proper names Thames [ ], Thomas [ ]

Anthony [ ]

in the word thyme [ ]

[t] is not pronounced:

a) in the middle position often [ ], Christmas [ ],

chestnut [ ],

boatswain [ ],

bankruptcy [ ],

b) in the words ending listen [ ], hasten [ ],

in – stle, - sten castle [ ], ostler [ ],

fasten [ ], whistle [ ],

c) in French borrowings restaurant [ ], trait [ ],

bouquet [ ], ballet [ ]

4. [d] is pronounced when spelt as:

d door [ ], sad [ ], kind [ ],

dd add [ ], muddy [ ]

Other Spelling:

-ed preceded by voiced

consonants or vowels begged [ ], played [ ],

[d] is not pronounced in

the words: handkerchief [ ],

handsome [ ],

Windsor [ ]

The sounds [k], [g]

Spelling and Reading

5. [k] is pronounced when spelt as:

k keep [ ], king [ ], basket [ ],

c before a, o, u and can (noun) [ ], clock [ ],

consonants club [ ]

c in terminal position electric [ ], music [ ]

cc occasion [ ], occur [ ]

ck black [ ], lock [ ]

Other Spelling:

ch in a number of Latin anchor [ ], architect [ ],

and Greek words chemist [ ], scheme [ ],

cqu acquaintance [ ],

qu [kw] quick [ ], quality [ ],

quantity [ ],

banquet [ ]

qu [k] conquer [ ], liquor [ ],

mosquito [ ],

que antique [ ],

picturesque [ ],

mosque [ ], technique [ ],

x except [ ], exercise [ ],

exhibition [ ],

But: exhibit [ ]

kh khan [ ], khaki [ ],

[k] is not pronounced:

a) before n in the initial knee [ ], knife [ ], knight []

position: knowledge [ ]

b) in the words indict [ ], muscle [ ]

6. [g] is pronounced when spelt as:

g before a, o, u, before game [ ], gap [ ], go [ ],

a consonant and in the gun [ ], gram [ ], bag [ ],

terminal position leg [ ]

Mind: begin [ ], eager [ ],

finger [ ], forget [ ], get [ ],

gift [ ], geese [ ], girl [ ],

tiger [ ], together [ ],

give [ ], gild [ ]

gg egg [ ], beggar [ ],

gu guard [ ], guide [ ],

Other Spelling:

gue prologue [ ],

dialogue [ ],

gh ghost [ ], spaghetti [ ]

x followed by a stressed

vowel is pronounced as [gz] exist [ ], exam [ ]

[g] is not pronounced:

a) before n in the initial gnat [ ], gnome [ ],

and final positions foreign [ ], sigh [ ]

b)when spelt as:

ng singer [ ], tongue [ ]

Mind: English [ ], England [ ],

hungry [ ],

language [ ],

gm in the Greek words diaphragm [ ],

such as paradigm [ ],

gh preceded by i, au, ou, high [ ], light [ ], caught [ ],

plough [ ], bought [ ]

The sounds [f], [v]

Spelling and Reading

7. [f] is pronounced when spelt as:

f fade [ ], feel [ ], folk [ ],

ff off [ ], giraffe [ ],

Other Spelling:

ph phonetics [ ],

sapphire [ ],

gh enough [ ], laugh [ ]

[f] is not pronounced in

the words:

f ( only in the word of [ ]) very [ ], view [, velvet [ ],

ph Stephen [ ],

vv savvy [ ]

The Sound [w]