A. Change the sentences from the Active Voice into the Passive Voice.

1. I read a book every day.

2. They are playing tennis now.

3. He has written three poems today.

4. They plant trees in spring.

5. They are repairing a bridge at the moment.

6. Pete wrote his composition two days ago.

7. His brigade were building the church.

8. She hasn’t eaten the bananas yet.

9. The police arrested about 20 people.

10. They had built the new road when the President of the company visited them.

11. They will make a decision before the next meeting.

12. She will have translated the new book.

13. She said that she would invite her friend.

14. He thought that she would have done this work.

15. The boy (can not find) by the police.

16. Complaints (should send) to the head office.

17. Your car (might have steal) by the same robbers.

18. The fire (can cause) by an electrical fault.

19. Football (should not play) by them in such bad weather.

20. His office (can use) by Mr. Brown.

B. Open the brackets:

1. The room still (to clean).

2. She (not to invite) to the parties as usual.

3. The date (to change) by them today.

4. A present (to give) to George when he retired.

5. Jim (to pay) his money by 3 o’clock yesterday.

6. Dinner (to cook) at 3 o’clock yesterday.

7. Dishes already (to wash) when I came home. So I was glad.

8. Where you (to bear)?

9. Your examination results (to send) by us soon.

10. Your dress (to make) by next Sunday.

11. They said that this job (to offer) Tom by the end of the following month.

12. She said that the letter (to send) on Monday.

Incomplete Independent Clauses

1. ____________ a tomato plant from 75 to 85 days to develop into a mature plant with ripe fruit.

A) It takes (B) To take (C) That takes (D) By taking

2. In the United States, _______________ is generally the responsibility of municipal governments.

(A) for water treatment (B) water treatment

(C) where water treatment (D) in which water treatment

3. Crop rotation _______________ of preserving soil fertility.

(A) it is one method (B) one method (C) a method is one (D) is one method

4. ____________________ the dollar as its monetary unit in 1878.

(A) Canada adopted (B) Adopted by Canada,

(C) It was adopted by Canada (D) The Canadian adoption of

5. _____________ almost impossible to capture the beauty of the aurora borealis in photographs.

(A) Being (B) It 'is C) There is D) Is

6. Usually, political cartoons ______________________ on the editorial page of a newspaper.

(A) appear (B) whose appearance (C) by appearing (D) when they appear

7. ________________ two major art museums, the Fogg and the Sadler.

(A) Harvard University has (B) At Harvard University

(C) Harvard University, with its (D) There at Harvard University

8. American actress and director Margaret Webster ____________________ for her production of Shakespearean plays.

(A) who became famous (C) becoming famous

(B) famous as she became (D) became famous

9. _______________, gas tanks connected to welding equipment, one full of oxygen and the other full of acetylene.

(A) It is two (B) Of the two (C) There are two (D) Two

10. ________________________ is more interested in rhythm than in melody is apparent from his compositions.

(A) That Philip Glass (B) Philip Glass, who (C) Philip Glass (D) Because Philip Glass

11. Compressed air ______________________ the power to drive pneumatic tools.

(A) by providing (B) provides (C) that provides (D) the provision of

12. ___________________________ by cosmic rays.

(A) The earth is constantly bombarded (B) Bombarded constantly, the earth

(C) Bombarding the earth constantly (D) The earth's constant bombardment

13. ____________________________ primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.

(A) There are three (B) The three (C) Three of them (D) That the three \

14. ________________ who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979.

(A) It was Jane Byrne (B) Jane Byrne (C) That Jane Byrne (D) When Jane Byrne

15. Every computer consists of a number of systems together.

(A) by working (B) work (C) they work (D) that work

I6. On the Moon, ___________________ air because the Moon's gravitational field is too weak to retain an atmosphere.

(A) there is no (B) where no (C)no (D) is no

17. The Glass Mountains of northwestern Oklahoma ________________ with flecks of gypsum, which shine in the sunlight.

(A) they are covered (B) covered them (C) that are covered (D) are covered

18. In some cases, ________________ to decide if an organism is a plant or an animal.

(A) difficult if (B) it is difficult (C) the difficulty (D) is difficult

19. The first American novelist to have a major impact on world literature ________________.

(A) who was James Fennimore Cooper (B) James Fennimore Cooper was

(C) it was James Fennimore Cooper (D) was James Fennimore Cooper

20. ____________________ important railroad tunnel in the United States was cut through the Hoosac Mountains in Massachusetts.

(A) At first (B) It was the first (C) The first (D) As. the first of

21. Generally, ___________________ in the valleys and foothills of the Pacific Coast ranges.

(A) the California poppy grown (B) the growth of the California poppy,

(C) the California poppy grows (D) growing the California poppy

22. When bats are at rest, ______________________ hang upside-down.

(A) they (B) and (C)to (D) as

23. ____________ that the capital of South Carolina was moved from Charleston to Columbia.

(A) In' 1790 was (B) There was in 1790 (C) In 1790 (D) It was in 1790

24. Although not as important as they once were, ________________a major form of transportation in North America.

(A) there are still railroads (B) railroads, which are still

(C) railroads are still (D) railroads still being

25. The Loop, which is the commercial heart of Chicago, _______________ within a rectangular loop of elevated train tracks.

(A) that is enclosed (B) enclosing it (C) is enclosed (D) enclosed

26. ____________________ amino acids that serve as the basic building blocks of all proteins.

(A) About twenty (B) For about twenty of (C) About twenty are (D) There are about twenty

Incomplete Adjective Clauses

1. There are six types of flamingos, all ____________have long legs, long necks, and beaks that curve sharply downward.

(A) of them (B) that (C) of which (D) they

2. Most folk songs are ballads__________________ have simple words and tell simple stories.

(A) what (B) although (C) when (D) that

3. After its introduction in 1969, the float process________________ the world's principal method of manufacturing flat sheets of glass.

(A) by which it became (B) it became (C) became (D) which became

4. In 1850 Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, __________________.

(A) engineers were educated there (B) where engineers were educated

(C) in which were engineers educated (D) where were engineers educated

5. Many of Louise Nevelson's sculptures consisted of a number of large wooden structures ___________in complex patterns.

(A) which she arranged (B) she arranged them (C) which arranged (D) arranged them

6. In addition to being a naturalist, Stewart E. White was a writer ______________the struggle for survival on the American frontier.

(A) whose novels describe (B) he describes in his novels

(C) his novels describe (D) who, describing in his novels

7. Diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, ______________the throats of extinct volcanoes.

(A) in which they resemble (B) which resemble (C) there is a resemblance to (D) they resemble

8. William Samuel Johnson______________ helped write the Constitution, became the first president of Columbia College in 1787.

(A) whom he had (B) and he had (C) who had (D) had

9. Seals appear clumsy on the land, _______________are able to move short distances faster than most people can run.

(A) but they (B) which they (C) they (D)which

10. The instrument panel of a light airplane has at least a dozen instruments __________________.

(A) the pilot must watch (B) what the pilot must watch

(C) which the pilot must watch them (D) such the pilot must watch them

11. A keystone species is a species of plants or animals ______________ absence has a major effect on an ecological system.

(A) that its (B) its (C) whose (D) with its

12. The size and shape of a nail depend primarily on the function __________________ intended.

(A) which it is (B) for which it is (C) which it is for (D) for which is

13. In geometry, a tangent is a straight line ______________ a curve at only one point.

(A) it touches (B) whose touching (C) its touching (D) that touches

14. It was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin ____________ the " Maple Leaf Rag", perhaps the best known of аall ragtime tunes.

(А) wrote (в) the writer of (С) who wrote (D) writing

15. There are over 2, 000 varieties of snakes, _____________ are harm1ess to humans.

(А) mostly they (B) most of them (С) most of which (D) which most

16. Smokejumpers are ________________ descend into remote areas bу parachute to fight forest fires.

(А) firefighters (В) when firefighters (С) who, as firefighters (D) firefighters who

17. Charlotte Gilman's best known book _____________ she urges women to beсоmе financially independent.

(А) is Women and Economics, in which (В) Women and Economics, in which

(С) is Women and Economics, which (D) Women and Economics, in that