Примечания. Предисловие. Ознакомительное занятие по курсу «Наука о силе воли»

Предисловие. Ознакомительное занятие по курсу «Наука о силе воли»

Исследование силы воли: Americans Report Willpower and Stress as Key Obstacles to Meeting Health‑ Related Resolutions: National U. S. survey conducted by Harris Interactive, 03.02.2010‑ 03.04.2010 / American Psychological Association. 2010.

Людиу которые думают, будто у них крепкая воля_у заблуждаются Nordgren L. F., Harreveld F. van, Pligt J. van der. The Restraint Bias: How the Illusion of Self‑ Restraint Promotes Impulsive Behavior // Psychological Science. 2009. Vol. 20. Pp. 1523–1528. См. также: Psychological Factors That Promote Behavior Modification by Obese Patients / H. Saito et al. // BioPsychoSocial Medicine. 2009. Vol. 3. P. 9

Глава 1. «Я буду», «Я не буду», «Я хочу»: что такое сила воли и почему она важна

Как усложнение социальной среды привело к эволюции мозга: Dunbar R. I. М. The Social Brain: Mind, Language, and Society in Evolutionary Perspective // Annual Review of Anthropology. 2003. Vol. 32. Pp. 163–181. См. также: Dunbar R. I. М., Shultz S. Evolution in the Social Brain // Science. 2007. Vol. 317. Pp. 1344–1347.

Блага самоконтроля: Tangney J. P., Baumeister R. F., Boone A. L. Hi Self‑ Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success // Journal of Personality. 2004. Vol. 72. Pp. 271–324. См. также: Kem М. L, Friedman Н. S. Do Conscientious Individuals Live Longer?: A Quantitative Review // Health Psychology. 2008. Vol. 27. Pp. 505–512.

Самоконтроль и успехи в университете: Duckworth A. L., Seligman М. Е. Self‑ Discipline Outdoes IQ in Predicting Academic Performance of Adolescents // Psychological Science. 2005. Vol. 16. Pp. 939–944.

Самоконтроль и лидерство: Kirkpatricks. A., Locke E. A. Leadership: Do Traits Matter? // Academy of Management Executive. 1991. Vol. 5. Pp. 48–60.

Самоконтроль и брак: Intrapersonal Characteristics and the Timing of Divorce: A Prospective Investigation / J. S. Tucker et al. 11 Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 1998. Vol. 15. Pp. 211–225.

Префронтальная кора заставляет нас делать то, что труднее: Sapolsky R. М. The Frontal Cortex and the Criminal Justice System // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 2004. Vol. 359. Pp. 1787–1796.

Специализация разных отделов префронтальной коры: Suchy Y. Executive Functioning: Overview, Assessment, and Research Issues for Non‑ Neuropsychologists // Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2009. Vol. 37. Pp. 106–116.

Подробности случая Финеаса Гейджа: Macmillan М. Restoring Phineas Gage: A 150th Retrospective 11 Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Basic and Clinical Perspectives. 2000. Vol. 9. Pp. 46–66.

Подлинник заключения лечащего врача Гейджа: Harlow J. М. Passage of an Iron Rod through the Head // Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 1848. Vol. 39. Pp. 389–393.

Как возник человеческий мозг: Cohen J. D. The Vulcanization of the Human Brain: A Neural Perspective on Interactions Between Cognition and Emotion // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2005. Vol. 19. Pp. 3‑ 24.

Проблема двухрассудков: Cohen J. D. Neural Perspective on Cognitive Control and the Multiplicity of Selves (речь на ежегодном собрании Американской психологической ассоциации, Сан‑ Диего, Калифорния, 13 августа 2010 года).

Случай бесстрашия: Anson J. A., Kuhlman D. Т. Post‑ Ictal Kluver‑ Bucy Syndrome after Temporal Lobectomy // Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1993. Vol. 56. Pp. 311–313.

Как боль препятствует тратам: Neural Predictors of Purchases / B. Knutson et al. // Neuron. 2007. Vol. 53. Pp. 147–156.

Выбор блюд: Wansink В., Sobal J. Mindless Eating // Environment and Behavior. 2007. Vol. 39. Pp. 106–123.

Рассеянность и импульсивные решения: Shiv В., Fedorikhin А. Heart and Mind in Conflict: The Interplay of Affect and Cognition in Consumer Decision Making // Journal of Consumer Research. 1999. Vol. 26. Pp. 278–392. См. также: Shiv B., Nowlis S. M. The Effect of Distractions While Tasting a Food Sample: The Interplay of Informational and Affective Components in Subsequent Choice // Journal of Consumer Research. 2004. Vol. 31. Pp. 599–608.

Жонглирование меняет мозг: Dynamic Properties of Human Brain Structure: Learning‑ Related Changes in Cortical Areas and Associated Fiber Connections / M. Taubert et al. // Journal of Neuroscience. 2010. Vol. 30. Pp. 11670‑ 11677.

Игры на запоминание меняют мозг: Training of Working Memory Impacts Structural Connectivity / H. Takeuchi et al. // Journal of Neuroscience. 2010. Vol. 30. Pp. 3297–3303.

Польза медитации: Neural Correlates of Attentional Expertise in Long‑ Term Meditation Practitioners / J. A. Brefczynski‑ Lewis et al. 11 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2007. Vol. 104. Pp. 11483‑ 11488. См. также: Regional Brain Activation During Meditation Shows Time and Practice Effects: An Exploratory fMRI Study / E. Baron Short et al. // Evidence‑ based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2007. Vol. 7. Pp. 121–127. Moore A., Malinowski P. Meditation, Mindfulness and Cognitive Flexibility // Consciousness and Cognition. 2009. Vol. 18. Pp. 176–186.

Медитация и мозг: The Underlying Anatomical Correlates of LongTerm Meditation: Larger Hippocampal and Frontal Volumes of Gray Matter / E. Luders et al. // Neuroimage. 2009. Vol. 45. Pp. 672–678. Cm. также: Investigation of Mindfulness Meditation Practitioners with Voxel‑ Based Morphometry / В. K. Holzel et al. // Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2008. Vol. 3. Pp. 55–61; Meditation Experience Is Associated with Increased Cortical Thickness / S. W. Lazar et al. // NeuroReport. 2005. Vol. 16. Pp. 1893–1897; Pagnoni G., Cekic M. Age Effects on Gray Matter Volume and Attentional Performance in Zen Meditation // Neurobiology of Aging. 2007. Vol. 28. Pp. 1623–1627.

Медитация и самоконтроль: Short‑ Term Meditation Induces White Matter Changes in the Anterior Cingulate / Y. Y. Tang et al. // Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010. Vol. 107. Pp. 15649‑ 15652.

Медитация и самосознание: Mindfulness Practice Leads to Increases in Regional Brain Gray Matter Density / В. K. Holzel et al. // Psychiatry Research. 2011. Vol. 191. Pp. 36–43.

Глава 2.Инстинктсилыволи: вашетелорожденосопротивлятьсяпирожным

Ответ «дерись или беги»: Sapolsky R. М. Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers: An Updated Guide to Stress, Stress Related Diseases, and Coping. 2nd ed. N. Y.: W. H. Freeman, 1998.

Стресс ослабляет префронтальную кору: Arnsten A. F. Stress Signaling Pathways That Impair Prefrontal Cortex Structure and Function // Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2009. Vol. 10. Pp. 410–422.

Ответ «остановись и спланируй»: Pause and Plan: Self‑ Regulation and the Heart / S. C. Segerstrom et al. // Motivational Perspectives on Cardiovascular Response / eds. G. Gendolla, and R. Wright. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2011.

Самоконтроль требует сил: Persistent Resetting of the Cerebral Oxygen. Glucose Uptake Ratio by Brain Activation: Evidence Obtained with the Kety‑ Schmidt Technique / P. L. Madsen et al // Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 1995. Vol. 15. Pp. 485–491.

Чтобы устоять перед сладостями, надо повысить вариабельность сердечного ритма: Segerstrom, S. С., Nes L. S. Heart Rate Variability Reflects Self‑ Regulatory Strength, Effort, and Fatigue // Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 18. Pp. 275–281.

Вариабельность сердечного ритма выделяет алкоголиков с риском срывов: Ingjaldsson J. Т., Laberg J. С., Thayer J. F. Reduced Heart Rate Variability in Chronic Alcohol Abuse: Relationship with Negative Mood, Chronic Thought Suppression, and Compulsive Drinking // Biological Psychiatry. 2003. Vol. 54. Pp. 1427–1436.

Высокая вариабельность сердечного ритма помогает владеть собой: Heart Rate Variability, Prefrontal Neural Function, and Cognitive Performance: The Neurovisceral Integration Perspective on SelfRegulation, Adaptation, and Health / J. F. Thayer et al. // Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2009. Vol. 37. Pp. 141–153.

Высокая вариабельность сердечного ритма помогает упорствовать: Segerstrom S. С., Nes L. S. Heart Rate Variability Reflects Self‑ Regulatory Strength, Effort, and Fatigue 11 Psychological Science. 2007 Vol. 18. Pp. 275–281. См. также: Geisler F. С. М., KubiakT. Heart Rate Variability Predicts Self‑ Control in Goal Pursuit // European Journal of Personality. 2009. Vol. 23. Pp. 623–633.

Депрессия, настроение и вариабельность сердечного ритма: Tayloi С. В. Depression, Heart Rate‑ Related Variables and Cardiovascular Disease // International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2010. Vol. 78. Pp. 80–88. См. также: 24‑ Hour Autonomic Dysfunction and Depressive Behaviors in an Animal Model of Social Isolation: Implications for the Study of Depression and Cardiovascular Disease / A. J. Grippo et al. // Psychosomatic Medicine. 2010.

Хроническая боль, заболевание и вариабельность сердечного ритма: Self‑ Regulatory Deficits in Fibromyalgia and Temporomandibular Disorders / L. S. Nes et al. // Pain. 2010. Vol. 151. Pp. 37–44.

Медитация повышает вариабельность сердечного ритма: Heart Rate Dynamics in Different Levels of Zen Meditation / C. Peressutti et al. // International Journal of Cardiology. 2010. Vol. 145. Pp. 142146. См. также: Central and Autonomic Nervous System Interaction Is Altered by Short‑ Term Meditation / Y.‑ Y. Tang et al. // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009. Vol. 106. Pp. 88658870.

Дыхание и вариабельность сердечного ритма: Song H.‑ S., Lehrer P. M. The Effects of Specific Respiratory Rates on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability // Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 2003. Vol. 28. Pp. 13–23.

Дыхательные упражнении помогают при посттравматиче‑ ских стрессовых расстройствах и зависимостях: The Effects of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmiu Biofeedback on Heart Rate Variability and Post‑ Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Pilot Study / T. Zucker et al. // Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 2009. Vol. 34. Pp. 135–143.

Спорт тренирует самоконтроль: Oaten М., Cheng К. Longitudinal Gains in Self‑ Regulation from Regular Physical Exercise // British Journal of Health Psychology. 2006. Vol. 11. Pp. 717–733.

Спорт и влечения: Janse Van Rensburg K., Taylor A., Hodgson T. The Effects of Acute Exercise on Attentional Bias Towards Smoking‑ Related Stimuli During Temporary Abstinence from Smoking // Addiction. 2009. Vol. 104. Pp. 1910–1917. См. также: Taylor A. H., Oliver A. J. Acute Effects of Brisk Walking on Urges to Eat Chocolate, Affect, and Responses to a Stressor and Chocolate Cue. An Experimental Study // Appetite. 2009. Vol. 52. Pp. 155–160.

Спорт как антидепрессант: Effects of Physical Exercise on Depression, Neuroendocrine Stress Hormones and Physiological Fitness in Adolescent Females with Depressive Symptoms / C. Nabkasorn et al. // The European Journal of Public Health. 2006. Vol. 16. Pp. 179–184.

Спорт и вариабельность сердечного ритма: Heart Rate Variability and Its Relation to Prefrontal Cognitive Function: The Effects of Training and Detraining / A. L. Hansen et al. // European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2004. Vol. 93. Pp. 263–272.

Спорт и мозг: Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans / S. J. Colcombe et al. 11 The Journals of Gerontology Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2003. Vol. 58. Pp. M176‑ 18 °Cм. также: Aerobic Exercise Training Increases Brain Volume in Aging Humans / S. J. Colcombe et al. // The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2006. Vol. 61. Pp. 1166–1170; Hillman С. H., Erickson К. I., Kramer A. F. Be Smart, Exercise Your Heart: Exercise Effects on Brain and Cognition // Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2008. Vol. 9. Pp. 58–65.

Пять минут упражнений приносят пользу: BartonJ., PrettyJ. What Is the Best Dose of Nature and Green Exercise for Improving Mental Health?: A Multi‑ Study Analysis // Environmental Science & Technology. 2010. Vol. 44. Pp. 3947–3955.

Сон и силы: Effects of Poor and Short Sleep on Glucose Metabolism and Obesity Risk / K. Spiegel et al. // Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2009. Vol. 5. Pp. 253–261. См. также: Knutson, K. L., Van Cauter E. Associatio Between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes // Annal of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008. Vol. 1129. Pp. 287–304.

Недосып и функционирование мозга: Durmer J. S., Dinges D. F. Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation // Seminars in Neurology. 2005. Vol. 25. Pp. 117–129.

Легкая префронтальная дисфункция: Sleep Deprivation Reduces Perceived Emotional Intelligence and Constructive Thinking Skills / W. D. S. Killgore et al. // Sleep Medicine. 2008. Vol. 9. Pp. 517–526.

Недосып и алкогольное опьянение: Performance Impairment During Four Days Partial Sleep Deprivation Compared with the Acute Effects of Alcohol and Hypoxia / D. Elmenhorst et al. // Sleep Medicine. 2009. Vol. 10. Pp. 189–197.

Недосып и стресс: The Human Emotional Brain without Sleep – A Prefrontal Amygdala Disconnect / S.‑ S. Yoo et al. // Current Biology. 2007. Vol. 17. Pp. R877‑ 878.

Восстановление после недосыпа: Prefrontal Hypoactivation and Recovery in Insomnia / E. Altena et al. // Sleep. Vol. 31. 2008. Pp. 1271–1276.

Медитация, сон и зависимости: The Contribution of Mindfulness Practice to a Multicomponent Behavioral Sleep Intervention Following Substance Abuse Treatment in Adolescents: A Treatment‑ Development Study / W. B. Britton et al. // Substance Abuse. 2010. Vol. 31. Pp. 86–97.

Самоконтроль и иммунитет: Pause and Plan: Self‑ Regulation and the Heart / S. C. Segerstrom et al. // Motivational Perspectives on Cardiovascular Response / eds. G. Gendolla, and R. Wright. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2011. См. также: Segerstrom S. C. Resources, Stress, and Immunity: An Ecological Perspective on Human Psychoneuroimmunology // Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2010. Vol. 40. Pp. 114–125.

Польза релаксации: Stress, Inflammation, and Yoga Practice / J. K. Kiecolt‑ Glaser et al. // Psychosomatic Medicine. 2010. Vol. 72. Pp. 113–121.

Спортсмены восстанавливаются быстрее: Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Exercise‑ Induced Oxidative Stress / D. Martarelli et al. // Evidence‑ Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011. Vol. 2011. Pp. 1‑ 10.

Физиологическая реакция релаксации: Бенсон Г. Чудо релаксации. М.: ACT, 2004.

Исследование стресса: Stress in America / American Psychological Association. 1‑ 64. Washington, 2010.

Одиннадцатое сентября и стресс: Heart Rate Variability During the Week of September 11, 2001 / R. Lampert et al. // JAMA. 2002. Vol. 288. P. 575.

Одиннадцатое сентября и зависимости: Increased Use of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana among Manhattan, New York, Residents After the September 11th Terrorist Attacks / D. Vlahov et al. // American Journal of Epidemiology. 2002. Vol. 155. Pp. 988–996.

Экономический кризис и стресс: WASA Snacking Satisfaction Survey (10.02.2009‑ 23.02.2009 Kelton Research, New York). URL: https:// www.wasacrispbread.com/downloads/SurveyFactSheet.pdf. См. также: Current Economic Situation Prompts Increased Smoking, Delay in Quit Attempts Middle and Low‑ Income Americans Hit Hardest // American Legacy Foundation. 2008. URL: https://www.legacyforhealth.org/2753.aspx.

Американцы спят меньше: National Sleep Foundation: Sleep in America Poll. Washington. 2008.

Недосып и ожирение: Leproult R., Van Cauter E. Role of Sleep and Sleep Loss in Hormonal Release and Metabolism / eds. S. Loche et al. // Pediatric Neuroendocrinology: Endocrine Development. 2010. Vol. 17. Pp. 11–21.

Недосып похож на синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности: Brennan A. R., Arnsten A. F. Т. Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder // Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008. Vol. 1129. Pp. 236–245.

Обучение и самоконтроль: Oaten М., Cheng К. Academic Examination Stress Impairs Self‑ Control 11 Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2005. Vol. 24. Pp. 254–279.

Сигареты и мороженое: Duffy J., Hall S. M. Smoking Abstinence, Eating Style, and Food Intake // Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988. Vol. 56. Pp. 417–421.

Выпивка и выносливость: Muraven М., Shmueli D. The Self‑ Control Costs of Fighting the Temptation to Drink // Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2006. Vol. 20. Pp. 154–160.

Измены худеющих: Gailliot М. Т., Baumeister R. F. Self‑ Regulation and Sexual Restraint: Dispositionally and Temporarily Poor Self‑ Regulatory Abilities Contribute to Failures at Restraining Sexual Behavior // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2007. Vol. 33. Pp. 173–186.

Как иссякает самоконтроль: Baumeister R. F., Heatherton T. F., Tice D. M. Losing Control: How and Why People Fail at Self‑ Regulatior San Diego: Academic Press, 1994.

Покупательский выбор исчерпывает силу воли: Making Choices Impairs Subsequent Self‑ Control: A Limited‑ Resource Account of Decision Making, Self‑ Regulation, and Active Initiative / K. D. Vohs et al. // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2008. Vol. 94. Pp. 883–898.

Мозг устает: Inzlicht М. I., Gutsell J. N. Running on Empty: Neural Signals for Self‑ Control Failure // Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 18. Pp. 933–937.

Лимонад восстанавливает волю: Self‑ Control Relies on Glucose as a Limited Energy Source: Willpower Is More Than a Metaphor / М. T. Gailliot et al. // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007. Vol. 92. Pp. 325–336.

Низкий уровень сахара в крови и дурное поведение: Sweetened Blood Cools Hot Tempers: Physiological Self‑ Control and Aggression / C. N. DeWall et al. // Aggressive Behavior. 2011. Vol. 37. Pp. 73–80. См. также: Stereotypes and Prejudice in the Blood: Sucrose Drinks Reduce Prejudice and Stereotyping / М. T. Gailliot et al. // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2009. Vol. 45. Pp. 288–290; Depletion Makes the Heart Grow Less Helpful: Helping as a Function of Self‑ Regulatory Energy and Genetic Relatedness / C. N. DeWall et al. // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2008. Vol. 34. Pp. 1653–1662.

Энергетические затраты на самоконтроль: Kurzban R. Does the Brain Consume Additional Glucose During Self‑ Control Tasks? // Evolutionary Psychology. 2010. Vol. 8. Pp. 244–259.

Нейронная оценка наличия глюкозы: Routh V. N. Glucose Sensing by the Brain: Implications for Diabetes 11 UMDNJ Research. 2007. Vol. 8. Pp. 1–3.

Модель «энергетического бюджета» самоконтроля: Wang X. Т., Dvorak R. D. Sweet Future: Fluctuating Blood Glucose Levels Affect Future Discounting // Psychological Science. 2010. Vol. 21. Pp. 183–188.

Люди делают более смелые вложения, когда голодны: Metabolic State Alters Economic Decision Making under Risk in Humans / M. Symmonds et al. 11 PLoS ONE. 2010. Vol. 5. P. el 1090.

Голодные люди более заинтересованы в измене: Gailliot М. Т. Hunger Impairs and Food Improves Self‑ Control in the Laboratory and Across the World: The Hyperbole of Reducing World Hunger as a Self‑ Control Panacea. 2011 (under review).

Хорошее руководство к диете для увеличения самоконтроля: Pollan М. Food Rules: An Eaters Manual. N. Y.: Penguin, 2009.

Установка сроков укрепляет самоконтроль: Oaten М., Cheng К. Improved Self‑ Control: The Benefits of a Regular Program of Academic Study 11 Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 2006. Vol. 28. Pp. 1‑ 16.

Примеры программ, обучающих самоконтролю: Self‑ Regulation and Personality: How Interventions Increase Regulatory Success, and How Depletion Moderates the Effects of Traits on Behavior / R. F. Baumeister et al. // Journal of Personality. 2006. Vol. 74. Pp. 1773–1801. См. также Muraven М., Baumeister R. F., Tice D. M. Longitudinal Improvement of Self‑ Regulation through Practice: Building Self‑ Control Strength through Repeated Exercise // The Journal of Social Psychology. 1999. Vol. 139. Pp. 446–457; Muraven М. Building Self‑ Control Strength: Practicing Self‑ Control Leads to Improved Self‑ Control Performance // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010. Vol. 46. Pp. 465–468; Oaten М., Cheng K. Improvements in Self‑ Control from Financial Monitoring // Journal of Economic Psychology. 2007. Vol. 28. Pp. 487–501.

Тренировка силы воли для сокращения домашнего насилия: Self‑ Regulatory Failure and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration / E. J. Finkel et al. // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009. Vol. 97. Pp. 483–499.

Устоятьпередконфеткой, чтобыукрепитьсамоконтроль: Tempt Me Just a Little Bit More: The Effect of Prior Food Temptation Actionability on Goal Activation and Consumption / K. Geyskens et al. // Journal of Consumer Research. 2008. Vol. 35. Pp. 600–610. Почему мы устаем: Noakes T. D., St. Clair Gibson A., Lambert E. V. From Catastrophe to Complexity: A Novel Model of Integrative Central Neural Regulation of Effort and Fatigue During Exercise in Humans: Summary and Conclusions // British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005. Vol. 39. Pp. 120–124.

Усталость как эмоция: Noakes T. D., Peltonen J. E., Rusko H. K. Evidence That a Central Governor Regulates Exercise Performance During Acute Hypoxia and Hyperoxia // The Journal of Experimental Biology. 2001. Vol. 204. Pp. 3225–3234.

Атлеты силы воли не знают усталости: Job V., Dweck С. S., Walton G. M. Ego Depletion – Is It All in Your Head? Implicit Theories About Willpower Affect Self‑ Regulation // Psychological Science. 2010. Vol. 21. Pp. 1686–1693.

Заинтересованность помогает преодолеть усталость: Muraven М., Slessareva Е. Mechanisms of Self‑ Control Failure: Motivation and Limited Resources // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2003. Vol. 29. Pp. 894–906.

Игра «Лес»: Crelley D., Lea S., Fisher P. Ego Depletion and the Tragedy of the Commons: Self Regulation Fatigue in Public Goods Games // World Meeting of the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology and the Society for Advancement of Behavioral Economics, 2008, Rome.

Красочный рассказ о трагедии острова Пасхи: Diamond J. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. N. Y.: Viking, 2004. Экономическая модель: Bologna, MFlores J. C. A Simple Mathematical Model of Society Collapse Applied to Easter Island // EPL (Europhysics Letters). 2008. Vol. 81. Pp. 480–486.

«Архитектура выборов»: Thaler R. H., Sunstein C. R. Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. N. Y.: Knopf, 2008.

Расположение товара увеличивает число полезных приобретений: Just D. R., Wan‑ sink В. Smarter Lunchrooms: Using Behavioral Economics to Improve Meal Selection // Choices. 2009. Vol. 24.

Глава 4. Разрешение на грех: почему хорошим дозволяется быть плохими

Сексистское исследование и нравственные поблажки: Monin В., Miller D. Т. Moral Credentials and the Expression of Prejudice //Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001. Vol. 81. Pp. 33–43.

Как чувство добродетели оправдывает плохие поступки: Fishbach A., Dhar R. Goals as Excuses or Guides: The Liberating Effect of Percei Goal Progress on Choice // Journal of Consumer Research. 2005. Vol. 32 Pp. 370–377. См. также: Fishbach A., Zhang Y. Together or Apart: Whe Goals and Temptations Complement Versus Compete // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2008. Vol. 94. Pp. 547–559.

Прошлые хорошие поступки пускают нас в отрыв: Sachdeva S., Iliev R., Medin D. L. Sinning Saints and Saintly Sinners // Psychologic; Science. 2009. Vol. 20. Pp. 523–528.

Намеренное потакание: Mukhopadhyay A., Johar G. V. Indulgence as Self‑ Reward for Prior Shopping Restraint: A Justification‑ Based Mechanism // Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2009. Vol. 19. Pp. 334–345.

Я заслуживаю поощрения: Mick D. G., Demoss M. Self‑ Gifts: Phenomenological Insights from Four Contexts 11 Journal of Consumer Research. 1990. Vol. 17. Pp. 322–332.

Мысли об альтруистичных поступках разрешают потакание: Khan U., Dhar R. Licensing Effect in Consumer Choice // Journal of Marketing Research. 2006. Vol. 43. Pp. 259–266.

Нравственные суждения: Haidt J. The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment // Psychological Review. 2001. Vol. 108. Pp. 814–834.

Потеря веса разрешает шоколад: Fishbach A., Dhar R. Goals as Excuses or Guides: The Liberating Effect of Perceived Goal Progress on Choice // Journal of Consumer Research. 2005. Vol. 32. Pp. 370–377.

Прогресс и преданность цели: Fishbach A., Dhar R. Goals as Excuses or Guides: The Liberating Effect of Perceived Goal Progress on Choice // Journal of Consumer Research. 2005. Vol. 32. Pp. 370–377. См. также: Fishbach A., Dhar R., Zhang Y. Subgoals as Substitutes or Complements: The Role of Goal Accessibility // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2006. Vol. 91. Pp. 232–242.

Вспомните о причинах: Mukhopadhyay A., Sengupta J., Ramanathan S. Recalling Past Temptations: An Information‑ Processing Perspective on the Dynamics of Self‑ Control // Journal of Consumer Research. 2008.Vol. 35. Pp. 586–599.

Кредит на запланированную добродетель: Fishbach A., Dhar R. Goals as Excuses or Guides: The Liberating Effect of Perceived Goal Progress on Choice // Journal of Consumer Research. 2005. Vol. 32. Pp. 370–377.

Салат способствует выбору наименее здорового блюда: Vicarious Goal Fulfi llment: When the Mere Presence of a Healthy Option Leads to an Ironically Indulgent Decision / K. Wilcox et al. // Journal of Consumer Research. 2009. Vol. 36. Pp. 380–393.

Будущий выбор разрешает баловство: Khan U., Dhar R. Where Then Is a Way, Is There a Will? The Effect of Future Choices on Self‑ Control Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2007. Vol. 136. Pp. 277–288.

В будущем нас ждет больше свободного времени: Zauberman G., Lynch J. J. G. Resource Slack and Propensity to Discount Delayed Investments of Time Versus Money // Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2005. Vol. 134. Pp. 23–37.

Идеальное будущее: Tanner R. J., Carlson K. A. Unrealistically Optimistic Consumers: A Selective Hypothesis Testing Account for Optimism in Predictions of Future Behavior // Journal of Consumer Research. 2009. Vol. 35. Pp. 810–822.

Снизьте непостоянство своего поведения, например курите одно и то же число сигарет в день: Kachlin Н. The Science of Self‑ Control. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 2000. Pp. 126–127.

Здоровый выбор разрешает баловство: Chandon P., WansinkB. The Biasing Health Halos of Fast‑ Food Restaurant Health Claims: Lower Calorie Estimates and Higher Side‑ Dish Consumption Intentions // Journal of Consumer Research. 2007. Vol. 34. Pp. 301–314. Отрицательные калории чизбургера: Chernov A. The Dieters Paradox // Journal of Consumer Psychology (in press).

Шоколад на благотворительность: Mukhopadhyay A., Johar G. V. Indulgence as Self‑ Reward for Prior Shopping Restraint: A Justification‑ Based Mechanism // Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2009. Vol. 19. Pp. 334–345.

Органическое печеньеOreoс ореолом: SchuldtJ.P., SchwarzN. The «Organic» Path to Obesity? Organic Claims Influence Calorie Judgments and Exercise Recommendations // Judgment and Decision Making. 2010. Vol. 5. Pp. 144–150.

Экологическая сознательность оправдывает жульничество: Mazar N., Zhong С. В. Do Green Products Make Us Better People? 11 Psychological Science. 2010. Vol. 21. Pp. 494–498.

«Зеленые» поблажки в реальной жизни: Kotchen М. J. Offsetting Gre< Guilt // Stanford Social Innovation Review. 2009. Vol. 7. Pp. 26–31. Когда возникают «зеленые» поблажки? Gans J. S., Groves V. Carbon Offset Provision with Guilt‑ Ridden Consumers // Social Science Research Network. 2010. URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=969494.

Глава 5. Величайший обман мозга: почему мы принимаем желание за счастье

Крыса, которой нравились удары током: Olds J. Pleasure Center in the Brain // Scientific American. 1956. Vol. 195. Pp. 105–116. Cm. также: Olds J. «Reward» From Brain Stimulation in the Rat // Science. 1955. Vol. 122. P. 878.

Крысы бьют себя током: Olds J. Self‑ Stimulation of the Brain: Its Use to Study Local Effects of Hunger, Sex, and Drugs // Science. 1958. Vol. 127. Pp. 315–324.

Эксперименты на людях: Heath R. G. Electrical Self‑ Stimulation of the Brain in Man // American Journal of Psychiatry. 1963. Vol. 120. Pp. 571–577. См. также: Bishop M. P., Elder S. Т., Heath R. G. Intracran Self‑ Stimulation in Man // Science. 1963. Vol. 140. Pp. 394–396.

Описание случая: Heath R. G. Pleasure and Brain Activity in Man. Deep and Surface Electroencephalograms During Orgasm 11 Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1972. Vol. 154. Pp. 3‑ 18.

Дофамин вызывает желание: Berridge К. С. The Debate over Dopamine’s Role in Reward: The Case for Incentive Salience // Psychopharmacology. 2007. Vol. 191. Pp. 391–431.

Удовольствие без дофамина: Berridge К. С. «Liking» and «Wanting» Food Rewards: Brain Substrates and Roles in Eating Disorders // Physiology & Behavior. 2009. Vol. 97. Pp. 537–550.

Предвкушение награды: Dissociation of Reward Anticipation and Outcome with Event‑ Related fMRI / B. Knutson et al. 11 NeuroReport. 2001. Vol. 12. Pp. 3683–3687.

Выброс дофамина при видеоиграх: Evidence for Striatal Dopamine Release During a Video Game / M. J. Koepp et al. // Nature. 1998. Vol. 393. Pp. 266–268.

Смерть игрока: S Korean Dies After Games Session // BBC News. 2005. URL: https://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/technology/4137782.stm.

Клинические случаи при паркинсонизме: Nirenberg М. J., Waters С. Compulsive Eating and Weight Gain Related to Dopamine Agonist Use // Movement Disorders. 2006. Vol. 21. Pp. 524–529. См. также: Frequency of New‑ Onset Pathologic Compulsive Gambling or Hypersexuality After Drug Treatment of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease / J. M. Bostwick et al. // Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2009. Vol. 84. Pp. 310–316.

Сексуальные изображения и финансовые риски: Nucleus Accumbens Activation Mediates the Influence of Reward Cues on Financial Risk‑ Taking / B. Knutson et al. // NeuroReport. 2008. Vol. 19. Pp. 509–513.

Мечты о лотерее и еда: Hungry for Money: The Desire for Caloric Resources Increases the Desire for Financial Resources and Vice Versa / B. Briers et al. // Psychological Science. 2006. Vol. 17. Pp. 939–943.

Дофамин и сиюминутное наслаждение: Berridge К. С. Wanting and Liking: Observations from the Neuroscience and Psychology Laboratory 11 Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy. 2009. Vol. 52. Pp. 378–398.

Исследование дегустации продуктов: Wadhwa М., Shiv В., Nowlis S. M. A Bite to Whet the Reward Appetite: The Influence of Sampling on Reward‑ Seeking Behaviors // Journal of Marketing Research. 2008. Vol. 45. Pp. 403–413.

Телереклама провоцирует перекус: Harris J. L., Bargh J. A., Brownel K. D. Priming Effects of Television Food Advertising on Eating Behavior // Health Psychology. 2009. Vol. 28. Pp. 404–413.

Жребий: Give Them Prizes, and They Will Come: Contingency Management for Treatment of Alcohol Dependence / N. M. Petry et al. > Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000. Vol. 68. Pp. 250257. См. также: Petry N. M. Contingency Management Treatments // The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2006. Vol. 198. Pp. 97–98.

Дофамин и стресс: Dopamine Enhances Fast Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Extended Amygdala by a Crf‑ Rl‑ Dependent Process / T. L. Kash et al. // The Journal of Neuroscience. 2008. Vol. 28 Pp. 13856‑ 13865.

Шоколад вызывает стресс: Subjective and Physiological Reactivity t Chocolate Images in High and Low Chocolate Cravers / S. Rodriguez et al. // Biological Psychology. 2005. Vol. 70. Pp. 9‑ 18.

Выдохшийся попкорн: Wansink В., Kim J. Bad Popcorn in Big Buckets: Portion Size Can Influence Intake as Much as Taste // Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. Vol. 37. Pp. 242–245.

Проверка обещания награды: A Preliminary Study of the Effects of a Modified Mindfulness Intervention on Binge Eating / B. W. Smith et al. Complementary Health Practice Review. 2006. Vol. 11. Pp. 133–143. C также: Pilot Study: Mindful Eating And Living (MEAL): Weight, Eatin Behavior, and Psychological Outcomes Associated with a Mindfulness‑ Based Intervention for People with Obesity / J. Dalen et al. // Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2010. Vol. 18. Pp. 260–264.

Наркоман теряет желание: Anhedonia after a Selective Bilateral Lesion of the Globus Pallidus / J. M. Miller et al. // Amercian Journal o: Psychiatry. 2006. Vol. 163. Pp. 786–788. Как и в прочих историях из этой книги, вместо имени используется псевдоним.

Слабая активность системы подкрепления: Reduced Capacity to Sustain Positive Emotion in Major Depression Reflects Diminished Maintenance of Fronto‑ Striatal Brain Activation / A. S. Heller et al. // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009. Vol. 106. Pp. 22445‑ 22450.

Глава 6. Какого черта: как раскаяние подталкивает нас к соблазну

Исследование стресса: American Psychological Association (АРА) Study, Stress in America // American Psychological Association. Washington, 2007.

Шоколад способствует чувству вины: Macdiarmid J. I., Hethering‑ ton М. M. Mood Modulation by Food: An Exploration of Affect and Cravings in «Chocolate Addicts» // British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1995. Vol. 34. Pp. 129–138.

Стресс и курение: Stress‑ Induced Cigarette Craving: Effects of the DRD2 Taqi RFLP and SLC6A3 VNTR Polymorphisms / J. Erblich et al. // The Pharmacogenomics Journal. 2004. Vol. 4. Pp. 102–109. Стресс и еда: Oliver G., Wardle J., Gibson E. L. Stress and Food Choice: A Laboratory Study // Psychosomatic Medicine. 2000. Vol. 62. Pp. 853–865.

Крысы в стрессе: Yap J. J., Miczek K. A. Stress and Rodent Models of Drug Addiction: Role of VTA‑ Accumbens‑ PFC‑ Amygdala Circuit // Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models. 2008. Vol. 5. Pp. 259–270.

Стресс в естественных условиях увеличивает риск срывов: Oaten М., Cheng К. Academic Examination Stress Impairs Self‑ Control // Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2005. Vol. 24. Pp. 254–279. Стресс и влечения: Neural Activity Associated with Stress‑ Induced Cocaine Craving: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study / R. Sinha et al. // Psychopharmacology. 2005. Vol. 183. Pp. 171–180.

При раскаянии пирожное выглядит аппетитнее: Chun Н., Patrick V. М., Maclnnism D. J. Making Prudent vs. Impulsive Choices: The Role of Anticipated Shame and Guilt on Consumer Self‑ Control 11 Advances in Consumer Research. 2007. Vol. 34. Pp. 715–719.

Покупки ради снижения тревожности: Pine К. J. Report on a Survey into Female Economic Behaviour and the Emotion Regulatory Role of Spending // Sheconomics website. 2009. Pp. 1‑ 24. URL: https://www.sheconomics.com/downloads/womens_emotions.pdf.

Цель утешиться побеждает самоконтроль: Tice D. М., Bratslavsky E. Giving In to Feel Good: ’Hie Place of Emotion Regulation in the Context of General Self‑ Control // Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory. 2000.Vol. 11. Pp. 149–159.

Теория управления ужасом: Burke В. L., Martens A., Faucher E. H. Two Decades of Terror Management Theory: A Meta‑ Analysis of Mortality Salience Research // Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2010. Vol. 14. Pp. 155–195.

Смерть и еда в успокоение: Mandel N., Smeesters D. The Sweet Escape: Effects of Mortality Salience on Consumption Quantities for High‑ and Low‑ Self‑ Esteem Consumers // Journal of Consumer Research. 2008. Vol. 35. Pp. 309–323.

Смерть и символы значимости: Mandel N., Heine S. J. Terror Management and Marketing: He Who Dies with the Most Toys Wins // Advances in Consumer Research. 1999. Vol. 26. Pp. 527–532.

Покупки и 11 сентября 2001 года: The Urge to Splurge: A Terror Management Account of Materialism and Consumer Behavior / J. Arndt et al. // Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2004. Vol. 14. Pp. 198–212.

Душещипательный фильм побуждает к спонтанным покупкам: Misery Is Not Miserly: Sad and Self‑ Focused Individuals Spend More / С. E. Cryder et al. // Psychological Science. 2008. Vol. 19. Pp. 525–530.

Предупреждения на упаковке могут приводить к нежелательным последствиям: Hansen J., Winzeler S., Topolinski S. When the Death Makes You Smoke: A Terror Management Perspective on the Effectiveness of Cigarette on‑ Pack Warnings // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010. Vol. 46. Pp. 226–228.

Пьянство и вина: The Morning After: Limit Violations and the SelfRegulation of Alcohol Consumption / M. Muraven et al. // Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2005. Vol. 19. Pp. 253–262.

Эффект «какого черта»: Polivy J., Herman С. P. Dieting and Binging: A Causal Analysis 11 American Psychologist. 1985. Vol. 40. Pp. 193–201 См. также исследование вины: Steenhuis I. Guilty or Not?: Feelings of Guilt About Food Among College Women // Appetite. 2009. Vol. 52. Pp. 531–534.

Щедрая порция вызывает эффект «какого черта»: Polivy J., Herman С. P., Deo R. Getting a Bigger Slice of the Pie. Effects on Eating and Emotion in Restrained and Unrestrained Eaters // Appetite. 2010. Vol. 55. Pp. 426–430.

Подкрученные весы вызывают эффект «какого черта»: McFarlane Т., Polivy J., Herman С. P. Effects of False Weight Feedback on Mood, Self‑ Evaluation, and Food Intake in Restrained and Unrestrained Eaters // Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1998. Vol. 107. Pp. 312–318.

Прервать цикл «какого черта»: Adams С. Е., Leary М. R. Promoting Self‑ Compassionate Attitudes toward Eating among Restrictive and Guilty Eaters // Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2007. Vol. 26. Pp. 1120–1144.

Самокритика и самоконтроль: Trumpeter N., Watson P. J., O’Leary B. J. Factors within Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales: Complexity of Relationships with Self‑ Esteem, Narcissism, Self‑ Control, and Self‑ Criticism // Personality and Individual Differences. 2006. Vol. 41. Pp. 849–860. См. также: Good Self‑ Control Moderates the Effect of Mass Media on Adolescent Tobacco and Alcohol Use: Tests with Studies of Children and Adolescents / T. A. Wills et al. // Health Psychology. 2010. Vol. 29. Pp. 539–549; Cety N. B., Gunduz H. B., Akin A. An Investigation of the Relationships between Self‑ Compassion, Motivation, and Burnout with Structural Equation Modeling // Abant Y zzet Baysal Universitesi Editim Fakultesi Dergisi Cilt. 2008. Vol. 8. Pp. 39–45.

Самоедство и депрессия: Fears of Compassion: Development of Three Self‑ Report Measures / P. Gilbert et al. 11 Psychology and Psychotherapy 2010 (epub ahead of print).

Вина и медлительность: Wohl M. J. A., Pychyl T. A., Bennett S. H. I Forgive Myself, Now I Can Study: How Self‑ Forgiveness for Procrastinating Can Reduce Future Procrastination // Personality and Individual Differences. 2010. Vol. 48. Pp. 803–808.

Прощение себя и ответственность: Self‑ Compassion and Reactions to Unpleasant Self‑ Relevant Invents: The Implications of Treating Oneself Kindly / M. R. Leary et al. // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007. Vol. 92. Pp. 887–904. См. также: Allen A. B., Leary M. R. Self‑ Compassion, Stress, and Coping // Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2010. Vol. 4. Pp. 107–118. Neff K. D., Kirkpatrick K. L., Rude S. S. Self‑ Compassion and Adaptive Psychological Functioning// Journal of Research in Personality. 2007. Vol. 41. Pp. 139' 154. Chamberlain J. М., Haaga D. A. F. Unconditional Self‑ Acceptance and Responses to Negative Feedback // Journal of Rational‑ Emotive & Cognitive‑ Behavior Therapy. 2001. Vol. 19. Pp. 177–189.

Обещание перемен наполняет надеждой: Polivy J., Herman С. P. If at First You Don’t Succeed: False Hopes of Self‑ Change // American Psychologist. 2002. Vol. 57. Pp. 677–689.

План неудачи: Gollwitzer P. М., Oettingen G. Planning Promotes Goal Striving // Handbook of Self‑ Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications / ed. K. D. Vohs and R. F. Baumeister. N. Y.: Guilford, 2011.

Глава 7. Будущеенапродажу: экономикасиюминутныхнаслаждений

Шимпанзе против людей: The Evolutionary Origins of Human Patience: Temporal Preferences in Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Human Adults / A. G. Rosati et al. // Current Biology. 2007. Vol. 17. Pp. 1663‑ 1668.

Если бы люди думали о будущем: Гилберт Д. Спотыкаясь о счастье. СПб.: Питер, 2008.

Ограниченная рациональность: Mullainathan S., Thaler R. H. Behavioral Economics // Working Paper № 00–27. 2000. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=245828.

Обратные предпочтения: Ainslie G. Specious Reward: A Behavioral Theory of Impulsiveness and Impulse Control // Psychological Bulletin. 1975. Vol. 82. Pp. 463–496.

Реакции мозга на близкие награды: Cohen J. D. The Vulcanization of the Human Brain: A Neural Perspective on Interactions between Cognition and Emotion // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2005. Vol. 19. Pp. 3‑ 24.

Будущие и близкие награды: Separate Neural Systems Value Immediate and Delayed Monetary Rewards / S. M. McClure et al. 11 Science. 2004.Vol. 306. Pp. 503–507.

Уберите конфеты: Painter J. E., Wansink B., Hieggelke J. B. How Visibility and Convenience Influence Candy Consumption // Appetite. 2002.Vol. 38. Pp. 237–238.

10‑ минутная задержка: Time Discounting for Primary Rewards / S.M. McClure et al. 11 Journal of Neuroscience. 2007. Vol. 27. Pp. 57965804.

«Зефирный тест»: Mischel W., Shoda Y., Rodriguez М. I. Delay of Gratification in Children // Science. 1989. Vol. 244. Pp. 933–938.

Отслеживание детей после «Зефирного теста»: Mischel W., Shoda Y., Peake P. K. The Nature of Adolescent Competencies Predicted by Preschool Delay of Gratification // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1988. Vol. 54. Pp. 687–696. См. также: Predicting Cognitive Control from Preschool to Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood /1. M. Eigsti et al. // Psychological Science. 2006. Vol. 17. Pp. 478–484.

Процент скидки предсказывает проблемы самоконтроля: Ikeda S., Kang M.‑ I., Ohtake F. Hyperbolic Discounting, the Sign Effect, and the Body Mass Index // Journal of Health Economics. 2010. Vol. 29. Pp. 268–284. См. также: Kirby K. N., Petry N. М., Bickel W. K. Heroin Addicts Have Higher Discount Rates for Delayed Rewards Than NonDrug‑ Using Controls // Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 1999. Vol. 128. Pp. 78–87; Alessi S. М., Petry N. M. Pathological Gambling Severity Is Associated with Impulsivity in a Delay Discounting Procedure // Behavioural Processes. 2003. Vol. 64. Pp. 345–354; Zau‑ berman G., Kim В. K. Time Perception and Retirement Saving: Lessons from Behavioral Decision Research // Pension Research Council Working Paper № 2010‑ 35. 2010. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1707666; Zimbardo P. G., Boyd J. N. Putting Time in Perspective: A Valid, Reliable Individual‑ Differences Metric // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1999. Vol. 77. Pp. 1271–1288.

Сначала думайте об отдаленных наградах: Asymmetric Discounting in Intertemporal Choice / M. U. Weber et al. 11 Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 18. Pp. 516–523.

Предварительные обязательства: Schelling Т. С. Egonomics, or the Art of Self‑ Management 11 The American Economic Review. 1978. Vol. 68. Pp. 290–294.

Ограничьте свое будущее «я»: Ainslie G. Specious Reward: A Behavioral Theory of Impulsiveness and Impulse Control 11 Psychological Bulletin. 1975. Vol. 82. Pp. 463–496.

Стратегия писателя: Grossman L. Jonathan Franzen: Great American Novelist // Time. 2010. Aug. 12.

Личный советник в управлении финансами: Advisor‑ Teller Money Manager (ATM) Therapy for Substance Use Disorders / М. I. Rosen et al. // Psychiatric Services. 2010. Vol. 61. Pp. 707–713. См. также: Black А. С., Rosen М. I. A Money Management‑ Based Substance Use Treatment Increases Valuation of Future Rewards // Addictive Behaviors. 2011. Vol. 36. Pp. 125–128.

Будущие «я» – незнакомцы: Pronin E., Olivola С. Y., Kennedy K. A. Doing unto Future Selves as You Would Do unto Others: Psychological Distance and Decision Making // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Vol. 34. 2008. Pp. 224–236.

Мысли о текущих и будущих «я»: Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Intertemporal Choice / J. P. Mitchell et al. 11 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2011. Vol. 23. Pp. 857–866. См. также: Modulation of Medial Prefrontal and Inferior Parietal Cortices When Thinking About Past, Present, and Future Selves / A. DArgembeau et al. // Social Neuroscience. 2010. Vol. 5. Pp. 187–200; Ersner‑ Hershfield H., Wimmer G. E., Knutson B. Saving for the Future Self: Neural Measures of Future SelfContinuity Predict Temporal Discounting // Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2009. Vol. 4. Pp. 85–92.

Активация мозга и волевое решение: Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Intertemporal Choice / J. P. Mitchell et al. 11 Journal of Cognitive Neurosciente. 2011. Vol. 23. Pp. 857–866.

Исследование пенсионных счетов: Number of Americans Reporting No Personal or Retirement Savings Rises: Survey of 2, 151 adults in the U. S. conducted between November 8 to 15 / Harris Interactive Poll. 2010 (reported online February 2, 2011).

Иллюстрация к измерению преемственности будущего «я»: Don’t Stop Thinking About Tomorrow: Individual Differences in Future SelfContinuity Account for Saving / H. Ersner‑ Hershfield et al. // Judgment and Decision Making. 2009. Vol. 4. Pp. 280–286.

Встреча с будущим «я» помогает студентам копить на пенсию: Increasing Saving Behavior Through Age‑ Progressed Renderings of the Future Self / H. Ersner‑ Hershfield et al. // Journal of Marketing Research (in press).

Мысли о будущем «я» помогают отсрочивать вознаграждение: Peters J., Buchel С. Episodic Future Thinking Reduces Reward Delay Discounting Through an Enhancement of Prefrontal‑ Mediotemporal Interactions // Neuron. 2010. Vol. 66. Pp. 138–148.

Визуализация будущего «я» побуждает к занятиям спортом: Murru Е. С., Martin Ginis К. A. Imagining the Possibilities: The Effects of a Possible Selves Intervention on Self‑ Regulatory Efficacy and Exercise Behavior // Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2010. Vol. 32. Pp. 537–554.

Дальнозоркость: Kivetz R., Keinan A. Repenting Hyperopia: An Analysis of Self‑ Control Regrets // Journal of Consumer Research. 2006. Vol. 33. Pp. 273–282.

Как избежать сожалений дальнозоркости: Kivetz R., Simonson I. Self‑ Control for the Righteous: Toward a Theory of Precommitment to Indulgence // Journal of Consumer Research. 2002. Vol. 29. Pp. 199217. См. также: Haws K. L., Poynor C. Seize the Day!: Encouraging Indulgence for the Hyperopic Consumer // Journal of Consumer Research. 2008. Vol. 35. Pp. 680–691; Keinan A., Kivetz R. Remedying Hyperopia: The Effects of Self‑ Control Regret on Consumer Behavior // Journal of Marketing Research. 2008. Vol. 45. Pp. 676–689.

Глава 8.Заразно! Почемусилаволизаразительна

Исследование физподготовки в ВВС США: Carrell S. Е., Hoekstra М., West J. Е. Is Poor Fitness Contagious?: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Friends 11 National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper № 16518. 2010.

Показатели ожирения в СШA: I he Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html.

Эпидемия ожирения: Christakis N. A., Fowler J. H. The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years // New England Journal of Medicine. 2007. Vol. 357. Pp. 370–379.

Исследование социальной «инфекции»: Fowler J. H., Christakis N. A. Estimating Peer Effects on Health in Social Networks: A Response to Cohen‑ Cole and Fletcher; and Trogdon, Nonnemaker, and Pais // Journal of Health Economics. 2008. Vol. 27. Pp. 1400–1405. См. также: The Spread of Alcohol Consumption Behavior in a Large Social Network / J. N. Rosenquist et al. // Annals of Internal Medicine. 2010. Vol. 152. Pp. 426–433; Christakis N. A., Fowler J. H. The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network // New England Journal of Medicine. 2008. Vol. 358. Pp. 2249–2258; Med‑ nick S. C., Christakis N. A., Fowler J. H. The Spread of Sleep Loss Influences Drug Use in Adolescent Social Networks // PLoS ONE. 2010. Vol. 5. Pp. e9775; Rosenquist J. N., Fowler J. H., Christakis N. A. Socia Network Determinants of Depression // Molecular Psychiatry. 2010 (online advance publication).

Зеркальные нейроны: Cattaneo L., Rizzolatti G. The Mirror Neuron System // Archives of Neurology. 2009. Vol. 66. Pp. 557–560. Предчувствие боли и эмпатия: Avenanti A., Sirigu A., Aglioti S. М. Racial Bias Reduces Empathic Sensorimotor Resonance with Other‑ Race Pain // Current Biology. 2010. Vol. 20. Pp. 1018–1022.

Курильщики на экране: Spontaneous Action Representation in Smokers When Watching Movie Characters Smoke / D. D. Wagner et al. // Journal of Neuroscience. 2011. Vol. 31. Pp. 894–898.

Распространение эмоций в социальных сетях: Fowler J. Н., Christakis N. A. Dynamic Spread of Happiness in a Large Social Network: Longitudinal Analysis over 20 Years in the Framingham Heart Study // BMJ. 2008. Vol. 337. P. a2338; Cacioppo J. Т., Fowler J. H., Christakis N. A. Alone in the Crowd: The Structure and Spread of Loneliness in a Large Social Network // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009. Vol. 97. Pp. 977–991.

Заражение целью: Aarts Н., Gollwitzer Р. М., Hassin R. R. Goal Contagion: Perceiving Is for Pursuing 11 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2004. Vol. 87. Pp. 23–37. См. также: Pontus Leander N., Shah J. Y., Chartrand T. L. Moments of Weakness: The Implicit Context Dependencies of Temptations // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2009. Vol. 35. Pp. 853–866.

Иммунный ответ на волевые угрозы: Fishbach A., Trope Y. Implicit and Explicit Mechanisms of Counteractive Self‑ Control // Handbook of Motivation Science / eds. James Y. Shah and W. Gardner. N. Y.: Guilford, 2007.

Нарушение правил заразительно: Keizer К., Lindenberg S., Steg L. The Spreading of Disorder // Science. 2008. Vol. 322. Pp. 1681–1685.

Думайте о человеке с хорошим самоконтролем: VanDellen М. R., Hoyle R. Н. Regulatory Accessibility and Social Influences on State Self‑ Control // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2010. Vol. 36. Pp. 251–263.

Сложное заражение: Centola D. The Spread of Behavior in an Online Social Network Experiment // Science. 2010. Vol. 329. Pp. 1194–1197. Мама как часть образа «я»: Self, Mother and Abstract Other: An fMRI Study of Reflective Social Processing / T. Vanderwal et al. // Neu‑ rolmage. 2008. Vol. 41. Pp. 1437–1446.

Исследование природоохранного поведения: Normative Social Influence Is Underdetected / Nolan J. M. et al. 11 Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2008. Vol. 34. Pp. 913–923.

Бог хочет, чтобы вы худели: Anshel М. Н. The Disconnected Values (Intervention) Model for Promoting Healthy Habits in Religious Institutions // Journal of Religion and Health. 2010. Vol. 49. Pp. 32–49.

He будь легкомысленным аспирантом: Berger J., Rand L. Shifting Sig nals to Help Health: Using Identity Signaling to Reduce Risky Health Behaviors // Journal of Consumer Research. 2008. Vol. 35. Pp. 509–518.

Пугающая медицинская статистика: Schoenborn С. A., Adams P. F. Health Behaviors of Adults: United States, 2005–2007 // Vital and Healtl Statistics: Series 10. Data from the National Health Survey. 2010. Vol. 2 Pp. 1‑ 132. См. также: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention State Indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables, 2009. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/Features/FruitsAndVeggies/; United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, Briefing Rooms, Sugar and Sweeteners 2010. URL: https://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Sugar/Data.htm.

Тучные не чувствуют себя тучными: BodySizeMisperception: A Novel Determinant in the Obesity Epidemic / Т. M. Powell et al. // Archives of Internal Medicine. 2010. Vol. 170. Pp. 1695–1697.

Удар no середине: The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms / P. W. Schultz et al. 11 Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 18. Pp. 429–434. См. также: Costa D. L., Kahn М. E. Energy Conservation «Nudges» and Environmentalist Ideology: Evidence from a Randomized Residential Electricity Field Experiment // National Bureau of Economic Research. Working paper № 15939. 2010.

Нормы списывания: Hard S. F., Conway J. М., Moran A. C. Faculty and College Student Beliefs about the Frequency of Student Academic Misconduct // The Journal of Higher Education. 2006. Vol. 77. Pp. 1058–1080.

Убеждения предсказывают списывание: McCabe D. L., Trevino L. K., Butterfield K. D. Honor Codes and Other Contextual Influences on Academic Integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings // Research in Higher Education. 2002. Vol. 43. Pp. 357–378.

Жульничество с налогами: Wenzel M. Misperceptions of Social Norms about Tax Compliance: From Theory to Intervention // Journal of Economic Psychology. 2005. Vol. 26. Pp. 862–883.

Как исправить неверные представления о нормах: Perkins Н. W. Social Norms and the Prevention of Alcohol Misuse in Collegiate Contexts Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement. 2002. Vol. 14. Pp. 164–172.

Воображаемая гордость помогает достичь цели: Bagozzi R. P., Dh lakia U. М., Basuroy S. How Effortful Decisions Get Enacted: The Motivating Role of Decision Processes, Desires, and Anticipated Emotions // Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 2003. Vol. 16. Pp. 273–295.

Упреждающий стыд побуждает к безопасному сексу: Hynie М., MacDonald Т. К., Marques S. Self‑ Conscious Emotions and Self‑ Regulation in the Promotion of Condom Use // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2006. Vol. 32. Pp. 1072–1084.

Доска позора «Большой вор»: Kilgannon С., Singer J. Е. Stores’ Treatment of Shoplifters Tests Rights // The New York Times. 2010. Jun. 21. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/22/nyregion/22shoplift.html.

Публичное пристыжение мужчин, которые обращаются к проституткам: Should Cities Shame Johns by Puttingtheir Faces on Billboards, Television, and the Internet after Their Arrest? URL: https://prostitution.procon.org/view.answers.php? questionID=000845.

Публичное пристыжение отваживает от платного секса: Du‑ rchslag R., Goswami S. Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights from Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex // Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation. Chicago, 2008.

Стыд и азартные игры: Yi S., Kanetkar V. Coping with Guilt and Shame After Gambling Loss // Journal of Gambling Studies. 2011.

Стыду вина и шоколадное пирожное: Chun Н., Patrick V. М., Мас‑ Innism D. J. Making Prudent vs. Impulsive Choices: The Role of Anticipated Shame and Guilt on Consumer Self‑ Control // Advances in Consumer Research. 2007. Vol. 34. Pp. 715–719. См. также: Patrick V. М., Chun H. H., Macinnis D. J. Affective Forecasting and Self‑ Control: Why Anticipating Pride Wins over Anticipating Shame in a Self‑ Regulation Context II Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2009. Vol. 19. Pp. 537‑ 545

Вина, гордость и вариабельность сердечного ритма: Guilt and Pride Are Heartfelt, but Not Equally So / М. M. Fourie et al. // Psychophysiology. 2011.

Мы хотим, чтобы другие видели наши добрые дела, например приобретение экологических продуктов: Griskevicius V., Ту‑ bur J. М., Bergh В. Van den. Going Green to Be Seen: Status, Reputation, and Conspicuous Conservation // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2010. Vol. 98. Pp. 392–404.

«Если бы стыд помогал, тучных людей бы не было»: Личный телефонный разговор с Дебом Лемайром, президентом Ассоциации здоровья людей всех размеров, 26.02.2010.

Социальное исключение лишает воли: Social Exclusion Impairs SelfRegulation / R. F. Baumeister et al. // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2005. Vol. 88. Pp. 589–604.

Предрассудки лишают воли: Inzlicht М., McKay L., Aronson J. Stigma as Ego Depletion: How Being the Target of Prejudice Affects SelfControl // Psychological Science. 2006. Vol. 17. Pp. 262–269.

Социальная поддержка укрепляет самоконтроль: Wing R. R., Jeffery R. W. Benefits of Recruiting Participants with Friends and Increasing Social Support for Weight Loss and Maintenance // Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1999. Vol. 67. Pp. 132–138.

Глава 9.Heчитайте эту главу: пределы силы «Я не буду»

История Толстого пересказана в предисловии к: Wegner D. М. White Bears and Other Unwanted Thoughts: Suppression, Obsession, and the Psychology of Mental Control. N. Y.: Guilford, 1994.

Расшифровка стенограммы исследования с белыми медведями: We, ner D. М. White Bears and Other Unwanted Thoughts: Suppression, Obsession, and the Psychology of Mental Control. N. Y.: Guilford, 1994. P

Сны о любимых: Wegner D. М., Wenzlaff R. М., Kozak M. Dream Rebound: The Return of Suppressed Thoughts in Dreams // Psychological Science. 2004. Vol. 15. Pp. 232–236.

Примеры иронического бумеранга: Wegner D. M. How to Think, Say. or Do Precisely the Worst Thing for Any Occasion // Science. 2009. Vol. 325. Pp. 48–50.

Гомофобы и гей‑ порно: Adams H. E., Wright L. W. Jr., Lohr B. A. Is Homophobia Associated with Homosexual Arousal? // Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1996. Vol. 105. Pp. 440–445.

Мозг обрабатывает запрещенное содержание: Giuliano R. J., Wicha N. Y. Why the White Bear Is Still There: Electrophysiological Evidence for Ironic Semantic Activation During Thought Suppression // Brain Research. 2010. Vol. 1316. Pp. 62–74.

Если мысль легко приходит на ум, то она правильная: Tversky А., Kahneman D. Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability // Cognitive Psychology. 1973. Vol. 5. Pp. 207–232.

Статистика авиакатостроф: Barnett A. Cross‑ National Differences in Aviation Safety Records // Transportation Science. 2010. Vol. 44. Pp. 322–332.

История суицидальной студентки: Jaffe Е. The Science Behind Secrets // APS Observer. 2006. Jul.

Если мысли принимать, они отступают: Giuliano R. J., WichaN. Y Why the White Bear Is Still There: Electrophysiological Evidence for Ironic Semantic Activation During Thought Suppression // Brain Research. 2010. Vol. 1316. Pp. 62–74.

Вытеснение мыслей и депрессия: Wegner D. М., Zanakos S. Chronic Thought Suppression // Journal of Personality. 1994. Vol. 62. Pp. 616640. См. также: Muris P., Merckelbach H., Horselenberg R. Individual Differences in Thought Suppression. The White Bear Suppression Inventory: Factor Structure, Reliability, Validity and Correlates // Behaviour Research and Therapy. Vol. 34. Pp. 501–513.

Подавляя печальные мысли, люди впадают в уныние: Wegner D. М. Erber R., Zanakos S. Ironic Processes in the Mental Control of Mood and Mood‑ Related Thought // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1993. Vol. 65. Pp. 1093–1104.

Вытеснение мыслей и самооценка: Borton J. L. S., Markowitz L. J., Dieterich J. Effects of Suppressing Negative Self‑ Referent Thoughts on Mood and Self‑ Esteem // Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2005. Vol. 24. Pp. 172–190.

Вытеснение тревоги усиливает тревожность: The Paradoxical Effects of Suppressing Anxious Thoughts During Imminent Threat / E. H. W. Koster et al. // Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2003. Vol. 41. Pp. 1113–1120; How to Handle Anxiety: The Effects of Reappraisal, Acceptance, and Suppression Strategies on Anxious Arousal / S. G. Hofmann et al. // Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2009. Vol. 47. Pp. 389–394.

Вытеснение мыслей и психические расстройства: Rebound Effects Following Deliberate Thought Suppression: Does PTSD Make a Difference? / J. G. Beck et al. // Behavior Therapy. 2006. Vol. 37. Pp. 170‑ 18 См. также: Don’t Worry and Beware of White Bears: Thought Suppression in Anxiety Patients / J. G. Beck et al. // Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 1998. Vol. 12. Pp. 39–55; Thought Suppression in Obsessive‑ Compulsive Disorder / D. F. Tolin et al. // Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2002. Vol. 40. Pp. 1255–1274.

Социальная фобия и мозг: Neural Bases of Social Anxiety Disorder: Emotional Reactivity and Cognitive Regulation During Social and Physical Threat / P. R. Goldin et al. II Archives of General Psychiatry. 2009. Vol. 66. Pp. 170–180.

Принятие снижает стресс социальной фобии: Goldin P. R., Ramel W., Gross J. J. Mindfulness Meditation Training and Self‑ Referential Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder: Behavioral and Neural Effects // Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2009. Vol. 23. Pp. 242–257. См. также: Goldin P.R., Gross J. J. Effects of Mindfulness‑ Based Stress Reduction. MBSR on Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder // Emotion. 2010. Vol. 10. Pp. 83–91.

Подавление мыслей о шоколаде: <