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Developing vocabulary
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1. Complete the table with missing words, the first has been done for you:
| Noun | Verb | Adjective |
| stability | stabilize | stable |
| socialize | ||
| population | ||
| governmental | ||
| stabilize | ||
| executive | ||
| authoritarian, authoritative | ||
| access | ||
| responsible | ||
| elect |
2. Find the words in the text with similar meanings to these:
1. be located
2. reserves
3. chief, main
4. language
5. power
6. adapt, become similar
7. home, headquarters
8. greater part, more than half
3. Match the verbs on the left with a suitable object on the right to make correct word-combinations. Say in what connection these collocations are mentioned in the text.
| 1. to be washed | a. states |
| 2. to provide | b. a President |
| 3. to be made up of | c. by the oceans |
| 4. to be entrusted to | d. two elective houses |
| 5. to succeed | e. easy access to |
| 6. to have | f. separate authorities |
| 7. to control | g. presidency |
| 8. to contest | h. the nation’s currency |
4. Read the text and use the suggested words to fill in each of the blanks. Make up a summary of the text.
| supreme; federation; bicameral; plurality; the House of Representatives; judges; the Senate; approval; democracy; the Cabinet |
The United States is the world's oldest surviving … (1). It is a constitutional republic and representative … (2). The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances (система сдержек и противовесов) defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's … (3) legal document. In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a … (4) vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels.
The federal government is composed of three branches:
- Legislative: The … (5) Congress, made up of … (6) and … (7), makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.
- Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the members of … (8) (subject to Senate approval) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
- Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose … (9) are appointed by the president with Senate …(10), interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.
DISCOVERING LANGUAGE