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Pepobahe pebo etehoct
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o epe caoe pocccoro peoo pa coaec oaaec ccea eo peypoa.
o peo opoe pao yace ocaoo ooe co a poao, a oyaee, eoxo opeee exa, oo oece coee epeco cex ee . O o yepe o, o pc, ca c x yace e, cee yy. Peyupoaue upeo emeocmu npecmaem coo onpeeeoe ynopoeue paom up u aeue upex ceo a ocoe ycmaoex npau u poa.
Pae peo eeoc ee a copec coxc apae:
peypoae co copo ocyapca (ocyapceoe perypoae);
peypoae co copo p pyx yaco pa (cooae pa caopeypoa peoro pa)
apye o oaae, o ocyapcme ompo upeo emeocmu cpoc a coe ceyx po:
oeceo oeoc;
acoc opoc pex opo;
oep;
caopeypoa;
apa pa yaco peo opo.
Ceye oepy, o po ocyapca peypoa peo eeoc ooo aea. O ooec pax cpa oaae, o ocyapco poa ccea eco aoecye. p o a eo paoo ooeo oeceee paoo a, oopa oepae eoe yopoae poo oo. Hae ao paoo oco ooe opaa ypae cpa ycao opeeee " paa p", oaee cex cyeo, yacyx ooeco poecce a cepe pooca, a cepe o.
Kopo a peo eeoc co copo ocyapca o aceo ypae ooo eo. ocyapco peypye aoooe ey pooee opeee, aa paa opeee, oepae eey ccey, yyae pacpeeee pecypco, opaae po ooo, oope oype, ae oooc paac a cpe pep. Ha e e ae y acpoa pa coax popa, a ae opoc epepacpeee oxoo acee. oo x poe ocyapco oao aac oxpao pya opo paox, ao o-pyae cpe pa opeee.
Oe, o papaoa pa op peo eeoc opaa ypae cpa eoxoa e coo poeccoa ocpea, coox ea, aa oopx o o xoe pex ceo. Ocooe aee oa ee pa ex ya, a a ecop, a pao, e paoa a pe eocpeceo e yacy ee opax, a oep co paa cpeca poeccoa ocpea oe ee ya. ooy eo o o yepe coe cox epeco.
ocyapceoe peypoae peo eeo e oo oc apeoo xapaepa, eo aaa coco o, o oece pae paa cex eo peo opo, cypoa x yace e, cpoo opopoa coee ycaoex pa, peoa ooe, peypyx pey . ooy peypoae peo eeoc co copo ocyapca aaec coa eo paoo oco yopoa p, opoe a x paoo co copo ocyapcex opao, epoa eeoc a p, a yaco peo opo, ycaoe cce aooooe.
ocyapceoe peypoae peo eeoc aaec c coa ee eo paoo . pea opo Pocc opoaac ocyce ceax aoo, peo eeoc cooac peyeceo oaoe a. Ocaae aooopeca o opeoce peypoa apoo oooo po acoee pe oe oe poecc, a a, o-epx, ocycye ycoocoac paa yopoa oapx oox po; o-opx, xo caoee peo opo Pocc axoc o e copecoro oa A, cpa o-eao Epo CA, coeopae coco oeeceoo peoo pa e ooe poo acoa apyeoo aooaeca, a peye coeopao aaa.
Papaoa paoo oco peypoa peo eeoc Pocc apoaac a exc aoax, ocaoex, ooex yaax, c oo oopx ocyecc epexo o oao-acpao cce ypae ooo poo. Cpe oyeo oo pee pee cero ceye oe ceyee.
Oco paacoo aooamecma. O c yaeo papao op cyo paacoro paa, eoxo yopoa poo oo, opee opaaoo-paoy cpyypy pa, oea a opoc, o a ecye a e.
a cyea pepaeco eeoc opeee xocee oeca oapeca, oope aoecy a ae aaex xocex
ao PCCP " npenpumux u npenpuuameco emeocmu" om 25 eap 1990 .. mu aoo onpeeuc aoepe oecma apmoo muna, moapuecma c opaueo omemcmeocmo, ycmaauac nopo ypeeu npenpumu u ux ocyapcmeo pecmpauu.
ocmaoeue Coema Muucmpo PCCP o 20 apma 1991, 161 " emeocmu moapx up PCCP", oop yepeo Bpeeoe ooee o eeoc oapx p PCCP.
ooee a papeea peaa a oapx pax o coo ea oapo, poeex cepx ocaaa oecee epecyacx oaec, .e. o ooeo aao cooo opoe.
opa a peaepoa eoope ace eeoc cax oapx p:
1) eea oaeoc pecpa ceo, aaex a apx pax;
2) apeea oapo-ocpeeca eeoc cax oapx p;
3) ycaoeo opaee a paep ycaoo oa p, oop oe e eee 10 .py.;
4) peycopea aa e a pey eeoc.
ooeue o nope ueupoau emeocmu moapx up PCCP (ymepeo npuao ocoumema PCCP no amuoonoo noumue u noepe ox oouecux cmpymyp (KA) om 31 a 1991 . 28).
ooee peycapao:
oaoc oye e a pao peo eeoc cex opaa, eax ocyec pey eeoc a eppop PCCP;
coca oyeo opo x pecae;
peoa cay p paa peo opo;
cpo poxoe epoa;
opo a eeoc oapx p,
ooeue o nyce u opa, euu ex ya u oox upax cmpae (ymepeo nocmaoeue paumecma PCCP om 28 eap 1991 . 78), oopo ao opeeee eo ya, ycaoe opo x yca, pecpa opae, oxapaepoa yac pa ex ya ooa pa B cooec c o yepeo ooee o epoa peo eeoc a pe ex ya. opa ao opeee cyoc epoa peo eeoc a pe ex ya, opo a e opo a x cooae.
ooeue o ammecmauu cneuaucmo uecmuuox ucmumymo u oox up (oox omeo up) a npao coepeu onepau c eu yaau, papaomao a ocoe nocmaoeu pauecma PCCP om 28 eap 1991 , 78. B e ycaoe aaoe peoa ceaca, opo x aeca opo a cooae ax .
ao Poccuco eepauu " moapx upax u upeo mopoe" om 20 epa 1992 , (ee ecmue c 1 apma 1992 .), ec oco oyeo peypoa eeoc p peo opo, xapaepye paoopae copo peo eeoc, yae poo o copeeoe ooecoe cocoe pecy, aoo:
1) coa paoe apa opoo-ocpeeco eeoc;
2) ye yaoe peae poecc, oope pocxo pocxo a copeex apx pax;
3) apeeo pe aac oepeco eeoc;
4) ycaoeo opaee a opro oe oapa epe py;
5) opeee a yac pex opo, a x paa;
6) apapoao coooe ycaoee e a oap, oyee peo opoe.
B eo o ao cococoa pa oapx p peo opo accecx opax.
ao Poccuco eepauu " amo peyupoauu u amo ompoe" (omp 1992 .), ae p paea, opx opeee oe o, eoxoe coepe ceo c ao, yaoe opo aoo peypoa opo Pocc.
ocmaoeue Coema Muucmpo paumecma Poccuco eepauu om 11 a 1993 , 452 " 0 epax no cmuyupoau pocma opauauooo moapooopoma upex moapo epe moape upu". o oye oepae, o pae peo opo ec oo aex ep o oppoa oepocccoo ecx oapx po. B c c eoe peoaaec coa eoxoe yco coepe a pax cpox oox ceo, oaa eoxoy oo oap pa, apecppoa aece eoepecx opaa, pa peo opo o cococoa aeaec ee yxaepco yee aooooe oapx p pep, coepax cpoe ooe ce a oapx pax; eee copx o opaa opo a oapx pax. ocaoee peycopea eoxooc papao exaa poee a oapx pax oypco o paee aao a ayy ocay oapo ocyapcex y, pee ceo, ax, a co copoy, epo, caxap, e eepoy, ec ecoaepa, xoo, epc, epe ee ea.
K acoey pee aec opeeee c coa opao a. oooe poxo yepee poe aoa o pe ex ya, aoa o aoepo oece.
o acoero pee ecye ooeue o nyce ex ya u oox upax PCCP, poe eape 1991 ., oo e oeceae oo epe ocoo e aooaeoro peypoa: coae eoacoro pa ecopa cee eopaax pco p oe aaa. Peaa o e caa c a po opaa peypoa, a o6eceee ecopa oo opae o ee o coepaex ceax, a ae peaea ooe ey yaca pa.
Kopo a eeoc p co copo ocyapca ocyecec, a pao, epe ceae ocyapcee opaa opa eco ac.
Hapep, aepac ao paccapae oape p a opa, e ocoooaaee aee poecca eoopaoa a oapx pax CA ceo pa, ooy oape p peca aoa oece epec.
B oe pe p oy cooa peepo cey, oyopee oooa. ooy 1974 , coaec ceaoe eoco, oeoe opeccy oeaee a poeee aoa o oapx pax Kouccu no moapo epco mopoe (KTT).
aa KTT coco peopae cooa pa oo copoo yep pyo copoe, ae o oecee oe pa cox ooecx ee, e peaoro ypo e ce pca, cax c eaop ee e. ooo KTT c:
pecpa o cee cca ecx pecx , oyex oepa a pe;
paoa oyoae pa cpy, eoxox peaa aoa;
cooee cooecyey oey oocoy y oo epcoo pa cex ao ooceo o ce poo oepa, a ea copo, ec oopx, o e occ, apya opaoe yopoae pa, a-o opao aoc pe poopea epeca pooee, ecopo;
eee ooee pa p o yco opao, opa eoa ocyece oy (poa) c ocao a cpo, opaoe opa o aaex ceax aeax, oecee acoo oeceoc yaco opo;
apaee eeoc epcx po, ec yy ocoa oaa, o caaec pecoe ooee;
pe ax ep, oope, o e occ, eoxo oepa ocaoe opao opo a pe; ycaoee o a oeco opa, popeaex oproa, ..
B Pocc o a opo a eeoc p, opo, papo, a ae ce poo opo a coaa Kouccu no ympee mopoe. Kocc ( aee occapa) paaa ooe aee ycaoe opax aoooe c oap pa. ocyapco occapaa cao, o p c ac oe cce opo, opaye oapooopo cpae yopoae ero ceo ooec epa. B o e pe occ ocyeca oee pyooco aop a pe. Baoooe ocyapca p opeec nocmaoeue CTO om 23 aycma 1922 ., coaco oopoy ocyapco:
ocyeco paoo aop a eeoc p;
pecppoao aao aee o ap p;
oyao o p cee o oapooopoe;
pooo eye poep eeoc p.
Ta opao, ye aae cyecoa pocccx p ocyapcee opa opro eo papaa cep coeo a p oac caocoeoc x eocyapcex opaa. B o oxoe ye oa poc; ee coa ypaeoro pa, oop opoe c epexoo a oooy ocyapcey opo.
C eee ece c 1 apma 1992 . aoa " 0 moapx upax u upeo mopoe" oac paoa aa yopoa oapx p. B paee IV " ocyapceoe peypoae eeoc oapx p" cae 33 ooao caao, o ocyece ocyapceoro perypoa opo a eeoc apx p p ocyapceo oee P o aoooo oe (), epeo nocmaoeue paumecma P om 24 epa 1994 . 152. B coca occ ac pecae ocyapcex opao, eeoc oopx caa c peypoae oapx po, pecae pex coo pepaee, a ae cep.
yuu KT pepo aao y KTT CA, oca e. Oa:
ae e a opaa p;
opopye epoae pex poepo ocpeo;
opopye oee aooaeca o pax;
papaaae eoece peoea o oooe pex oyeo;
yae paaae peoe o coepecoa aooaeca o oapx pax epce pa p.
Kocc o oap pa pae: a py e (aypoa ee), ec oa apyae aooaeco; pe pe peoy ocpey ca; aaa ocyapceoo occapa a py; opaoa ayopce poep eeoc p; peoa o p px epo pecae yeo oyea ..
peypoa oooo pa oopa eeoc ero yaco Pocc coaa Kouccu no e yaa u oo upa, oopo paoa pecae Mcepca aco P, aa Pocc, Koea o aooo oe ..
B oe e peypoae peo eeoc co copo ocyapca oe pecaeo cxee 3.
ocyapco c oo aooaeca peypye eeoc ooo p. o peypoae ae pae epop acpaoo ooecoo xapaepa, opeee epy oepe opaaoy ypaeecy cpyyp, opo p yopoa oox p ..
Ha eppop cpa papeaec paoa o e oo 6pa, oope oy e Kocc. ee oye eoxoo ya ceye peoa:
o-epx, ooa pa oa pec o ecoa a pe poeccoao, .e. ee eeoc a ecooro cya oa ceo;
o-opx, ae o poeccoa, ee aao aeca ceaca o paoe c e yaa Ma P.
Moe p a pyeo, apep Toca ooa pa, pey o cox paoo ceaoro oye, opayeoro pa.
ocyapcee opa pae opopoa eeoc oox p a pee oe pa ooe o ope poee . ocyapco, a o pyex eo a yac pa ex ya, aepecoao eoxox ycox opae ex ya, opeee x poo cooc, pacpocpae aeo opa o eax a pe ex ya, oecee exo pex ao, peocae pa copeex oya, o o cyoo c.
ocyapcee opa a ocoe ecyero aooaeca opopy acoy eeoc oox p. ooa pa e pae cya aece ecopa, .e. aa cpeca eeoc, e peycopey pe aooaeco, yca ee ya (a cee cocex a).
Cxea 3. Opra, peypye pey eeoc P
ea ooo p oy ocyapcee, ye pep, a ae ocyapcee coee a, aee . Oo aa x opaa ec ocyecee oepa c a py e aa, acoc c oa, paea ocyapcy.
oyca uacoa emeocm ooo upu oe ocyecc a ce:
poa a cao p, ax pao ca ea p;
peypx oco eo p;
pex copo o ao ce, ocyeex a ooo pe;
poee cep peaa ..
p o ocyapce opaa, oope peypy eeoc oox p, eoxoa opa a o cax oox pax, a o x acox oaaex.
CA, acoc, coy opa o cpex eax a a oox pax ce pyx oaaee (ceo 11 epeex eco) poopoa yyero apae ee peaoro BH. ooe oce pooc eeeco, peyae paeco ee opa o ae ee BH.
cxo pa eeoc Mcepca opo CA, " ec oepeax aopo" aco pao pecaae (peypeae) o oeax ooe " ec oepeax aopo" oe paccapac a peaa, o eocaoa opa, oopa c oo ocopooc coyec ocyapco opeee apoooeco o cpa. " ec oepeax aopo" ooa ey pya oaaee pocccoro pa o cooac Pocc poopoa cya cpae p cooecyx pee o oppepoe apoooeco o.
B Pocc ooo pa e y oo, o poecc caoe pox ooe ooe paec ee oo aaec.
Cocao ac ocyapceoo peypoa cyae eupoaue a p opaa ee pacpyyp, a yax ocpeo peoo pa.
epoae ceye paccapa a coco papee peo eeoc opo ocyapca a coee peoa ecyeo aooaeca P, peex ooo-paooy opaaooy caycy p.
Kocc o oap pa (KT) yoooea aa e a opaa p, KT peaepoaa cea ooee o ope epoa eeoc oapx p a eppop Poccco eepa, oopoe opeee e oo opo a, o aypoa pocaoe ec e a opaa peo opo.
oye e eoxoo peca occ yppee oye (yca oapo p, ypee ooop, paa peo opo); Ceeco o ocyapceo pecpa oapo p; oye, yocoep pao ooa cooecy oeee poee opo; oye, oepa ecee yca aa oapo p e eee 50% oeo cy; cco ypeee pacpeee ey oe ( poeax) ycao aae oapo p c yaae ecx x ooce coaco aoy pacca.
Kocc pae peee o ae e eee yx . Ec oa oaae ae e, o p oopo opae peee o ee ae paec eee ooo eca co oye ooo ae.
Ocoae aypoa pocaoe e c ycaoee a apye eeoc oapo p, ee p ee poepax aco opaa, eppopa ypae ocyapceoo oea P o aoooo oe oepe ox ooecx cpyyp (KA), a ae apye, oeee ocyapce- occapa a oapx pax.
oapx p xapaepo epoae cax p. Ococ o e, o 1990-1991 . ooc ooe oeco p, cax caocoe cpyypa, e-eoc oopx e e ooppoaac. ooy ee o xoa ce aoa o oapx pax ocyapco oaoc peypoa x oeco ye epoa, e aac pa, oope oaa, o oprayea opo e poope oece epeca, oocoa ooecy eecoopaoc opro opeo pyo o.
Mexa epoa peo opo e yaa ae a epoae pex ocpeo (aa aaox aecao, ax pao a coepee ceo c e yaa), a e ecox cy, ae pao ecoa a pe ex ya.
ocyapco papeae ecoa a pe ex ya aece poeccoaoo ocpea oo oy pecoy y, ae ooporo ec ceac o paoe c e yaa, oaae aao . Ta opao, o oy e ecooy cyy, ey eoxoo e ae paoo, ex aaoe . Kaaoe aeca ac Mcepco P p yco ca aea.
py peoae p epoa ooo p ec o, o ee eeoc a pe ex ya oa ceo. pa oa e a coce yca aa. Cpo ec e e opaaec, xo peycapaec a pocaoee, a o ao e.
ocyapceoe peypoae peo eeoc ocyecec ye aooooe cao p, a ae aec ao o e oepa, oope a e coepac, a oepa c e yaa. Hao a oepa c e yaa, ca pe oapo a oox pax, pecae coo o aceo peypoa peo . Haooaea cya pece ece a, ocyece oepa c e yaa, poa, oyae. Oeo aooooe ec ea ooopa y-poa ex ya.
p yae aoa cyecy . Ocooe o aooooe oyae ex ya epx cc, a p coa aoepx oec, pece a, ocyece ycaoeo ope ocpeece oepa a ce o opye eo p oye ocyapcex ex ya.
p yae aoa a p o oepa c e yaa oemo aooooeu c:
e poe, oye o paea cyey ooe (ecoy pecoy y) e yaa: a, oa, eo cepaa. (cee coca ocyapcee ee ya. O aoooe e oea.);
p o poa eo ya o ee e, e ea popee; ca pac paepe cao aoa a p, ycaoex aoo pep;
oxo o oae oa, oyaex c coo, ae o cae aoa a p.
py copec coc po peypoa peo eeoc, oo ocyapceoo, ec caopeyupoaue. o apaee coyec ce ooec pa ocyapca. Hapep, CA e ocyapceoro peypoa ocac ae opoc, a:
p opaa p;
opaaoa cpyypa;
opa ypae;
paa ypeee pyoox opao.
opoc axo opaee paax opo, ycaax, ooex, oope papaaac ao opeo pe caoceo.
Poccce p ae coy p caopeypoa. Kaa pa ee opeeee yppee opae a, oope c ocoo peo eeoc opeo p. K ooc pee ooop, ca paa opro.
B peumeo ooope epecc ypee p, opeec e ee coa coco peaa ocaeo aa, ycaaac oeceoc ypeee o oaeca p, epoaa paep ycaoro oa, eee eo a a opo pacpeee x ey ypee. B e ae cpyc paa oaoc ypeee p, opo pacpeee p ypee peepoo oa, ooapac yco pepae eeoc p, yaac ecoaxoee pe.
Ka pao, ca p ae ceye pae:
oe ooe;
aa coa p;
eeoc p;
paep, opo opaoa ee ycaoro aaa, oo p p;
paa oaoc eo p;
ypaee pe;
ye oeoc p;
pepaee eeoc p.
B pauax mopou a upe axo opaee ae opoc, a yac pex opo opo x poee; peo oap, opo cae c eo c opo; pee ce, x , opo pecpa, oope, pacpe pa x eece; papeee copo ca a apyee pa peo po.
Hapep, ooe p paax caopeypoa e ocaoo po py ooo. B acoc, o opee, ae ee ya yy poaac a pe, ycaaa paa coepe ce, paa oee poepo a opax, a ae opo papee copo o ae cea.