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Cobap pebx tephob
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A
A ea ac ycaoo aaa aoepoo oeca. Cyecy ope eo ya (peeca a) ope ca pa peecpe aoepo (eoyeapa ea a). apee yecee paa.
Appa poa oepa epcooo oye p e pa eax a e oe pa, poaaee oyaee o e e ceyo a oo pe, pax pax a pae a, ocoaa a o-oe eyeo coco pa o coco eo paoec.
Ayo opa poee acx, yx po, ocoaa a eoco oype ey poaa oyae aoo oapa, ypaeo o, poo op.
Avoa ea ea, oao apecppoaa xoe poee ayoa.
ac paa ee a peo oap a ao pe a pe epcx opa.
pa - 1) copeea opa opaa pa opeeex o oapo, oopeoo e oee poeccoax opoe, poox op o ycaoe paa. B acoc o a oapa paa: oapa pa opo opeee aepa aa; ooa pa op-o a oa; aa pa po oeppye aa; epca pa opo ycaoe epc opaa; ooa pa opo ceec oo opaa; 2) cea opao oopyoaoe pooe eco, eeoe poeccoao p-eoo opa poepo epo; 3) peypo ecy o opeee paa oo po, a oopo coepaec po e yaa, oapa o opaa, ao peoee eaa, opaa a ocay oapo yye paa a aee ax .
pa peaoo oapa pa, a oopo pocxo oa y-poaa oapo, p o coepee cax ceo ocyecec o ycaoe paa ocyce oapa p oaeo eo epeae ocae oce poee pex .
pa epca pa, a oopo opy epc opaa, pecae coo e po peaoo oapa, a po pa a oap, po e.
pa opa pa, opax a opo oy pa yace e p a, e ec ao.
pa apa pa, opax a opo pa yace oo e p x pecae poeccoae pee ocpe.
pa ceapoaa pa, op a oopo pooc o ooy apy o poceo pye oapo.
pa yepcaa pa, op a oopo pooc o paopo apa (poo oapo ).
pa ocvapcea pa, opayea ocyapco, eeoc oopo peypyec ocyapco.
pa aca pa, opayea a accoa a ocoe oee ae (eex oco) pecx ecx .
peo o aoe oeco oapa, oopoe oe peoeo poae o caapoy peoy ooopy Oo cooecye o ecoc pacopx cpec (eeoopo ao, pyo, cyo) o oapoy ecy o oey acce.
pea coa opao ee o pex ceax a oo ecocx pax.
peo cop eee oce yaco peo po oy p cyae ae peo ce.
pee e e, acpoae xoe pex opo ycaoe-o a pe ope.
peo oap 1) oap, oop ec oeo pex . Ocoe py pex oapo: cecoxocee ece oap (opa 40 o), epaoe cpe oyapa (opa 15-20 o), ee ya, ae eoc, ec; 2) o Pocccoy aooaecy o oapx pax e oopoa oap opeeeoo poa aeca, o ce caap opa oocae a yaa oap, oye pe ycaoeo ope peo opoe. . oe oea cey pe-oa: acco; peca coo poy, poey epy opaoy (cpe oyapa); ea a eo oa cooo ycaaac acoc o oyp pa; aoaee; cooecoa e peoa o aecy, yco xpae, epe pac-oppo.
pea cecc 1) epo, eee oopoo aac ce a pe;
2) pe pao p.
peoe ocpeeco poepca epca eeoc eo p.
peo ooop oye, oop oopc coae opaeo o yco poa (oca) oapa peyae ce, aeo a pe.
peo a (oepao a) cea opao ycpoeoe oeee p, e poxo pee op.
peo aep ceaoe poeccoaoe o, eyee pee p peo ae p o opye pyooca p.
pee ocpe e p, aaec poepco epco eeoc.
peoe copae copae , yacyx pex opax.
pea cey y-poaa apo a pe c e oye p.
peo op poecc opo peo ae a ocoe acoc yoc, B pex po: ope op p, oopx pa yace ce eae; ape op op, opx pa yace oo e ao p.
pea a eco opoo ae p, pacooeoe ecoo e ypo oa, e aac .
poep ocpe p ocyece oepa c pa aa, opy a ce ea oya a occooe . , oe pecae pec o (poepco oae) ec . poepca oa oe poo ocpeece oepa a a p-eo, a a epeo pax.
poepca eeoc coepee pex epex ceo o e ea a eo ce ( o e poepa, o a ce ea).
poepca oopa (pa) ocpeeca opaa a peo epeo pe.
poepc ce ce, a oop epecec oycoea ooope ey poepo eo eea cya, B peeax o cy poep o coey ycope oe ocyec oyy poay ex ya.
yac pa ex ya, ey py a oee e,
op (epeepy, opa po) cya, p oopo e a ao oapo pe e, e a epco pe, e a epce opa c oee pa cpoo coe e, e a opa c oee o cpoo. p ao ooe po oaec eycooc, pe oea e, ycee cey.
eop aee yx oopeex ceo c o e e opaeo: oy aa (a, ex ya) a ycox co oopeeo eo poa a cpo.
ec cee a oa ao-o oa, pecaeo a ooo pe, peoo oopoa. Oo ocyecec o pee p, ec oa apyae peoa ca ec oa pepaae co eeoc. B peyae eca pea opo ce a ya pex e a x pepaaec.
ep ocpe, opy o coe e a co ce.
E
Epoec oo oo, op oe coe oo e cee oooo opaa.
ecop ecoe pecoe o, ocyecee oe aaa pae ee ya o coeo e a co ce o opye .
caep o, eee ocy yppeo opa.
ec o-oca o ax ooax oaaee pooo oooo pa, paccae a ocoe ypco a 65 pyex poex, pacopx epeecx oa CA, opyex a H-opco ooo pe.
ec pee ooae eoce oaae coco peoo pa. Oo paccac a cpee oaae o opeeeoy pyy .
ec ypco a 1) ooae oaae coco pa a a oox pax;
2) ceoe aee eeeoo ypo pex e ac cex a, opyex a ooo pe, Kaa pya ooa pa paccae co ec ypco a o eae aa-o oepeca cpyypa, oya-a cooecyy opa c oox p. Haoee ece pe ec ypco a: oy-oca CA, yc Beopa, HKKE - o,
Kp 1) cooyoc copeex exao eax paceo, coyex a peo epeo pax p opaoao opoe;
2) ccea eax paceo, ocoaa a aee ax peoa oaec; 3) poeypa ycaoe o, o, o oy oe ae cpo oaeca o .
Kopoaa occ pao opa p, op copae, ooae, aapye oo ea ae o eax a pee oap, ycaoee peyae pex opo.
Kopoa pex e o ee pex e xoe pex opo o opeee paa, x pecpa cea cya p c oceye yae oaee epe cpeca accoo opa (ae, ypa, eeee, oepe opaoe cce ..), Kopoa pex e eec oeoc o aoy y peoo oapa o a ceo c pa cpoa coe .
Kypc peo poa pea ea a, oa, ocyapceo eo ya, acooo cpyea, opeeea o e coooe cpoca peoe a ooo pe.
c peaepoaa ooo pe , py opaaopo pa poeypa oopa oyca ex ya opa. poeypa . peoaae poepy coe pa yca, a pecpa yca acox oooce oa, paepo aoepoo aaa.
epoae p oyee papee a pey . B P ocyecec Kocce o oap pa p ocyapceo oee o aoooo oe oepe ox ooecx cpyyp ap-x p eepao occe o py ex ya oox p.
oc coeae paa a cooy epepoay eo ya co cee ocyecoc oo paa; oooc peypo poaa oya ey yay o ee eye poo ee. Bcoa oc ec peya a pyoo pa: ouoo ca poao oyaee cooo oea aaex . Ocoe oeoe oaae oc: cooo-ee ca ao a oyy c oeco ao a poay; paa ey eo poa eo oy, ocyce pex ee eax.
apa opoe epc opaa ao, yaae copoa- ce Pacey (Kpoy) aay oecee cex oaec o opay; epoaaa . cya, ycaaaea Paceo aao a o oyp pa paepe, eoxoo oo, o y poa epc opa, Oo cya epoaao , cocae 5-10% cy opaa, Bapaoa . (, oep) cya, oopa oa ecea aee opaa c c eaop ooee eye peo e o e paee aeoo epcoo opaa.
ape-eep acoa oa, ac epo a peo epeo pe ex ya cy acao coe eeoc yacya opeee pox e a opyee e ya, Bcyae aece opaaopa (oppoa) pa.
ec oca ec, eee oopoo poae epcoo opaa o-e oca o ey ap, a oyae epcoo opaa p o ap.
Oopo peo o oe pex ceo, aaex xoe pex opo aypao cooco pae.
Oo ooop, cooec c oop oyae ooa oyae a ycaoey ay, aaey pee, pao y poa opeoe oeco aoo-o aa (apa, opa) o opeeeo ooope ee eee ycaoeoo epoa o cpoao a ( a y ay), Paa- oo a oyy oo a poay.
Oee copae eo p c opa ypae pe, Coaec oo o pa o pee aoee ax opoco, cax c eeoc p oppoae opx opao ypae.
poopoae e ycaoee oox ae e yye; ayoe poopoae ocoaec a opeeex eoax (cpao, oepoae), paecoe poopoae opaec a exa peo po epc opaa.
Pacea (Kpoa) aaa opaa, oeceaa p pace p opoe e yaa epc opaa, cyaa apao coe ceo, opaya coee epcx . Oa P.. oe ocya paoy cpay pa p.
Pacea ea oaa pea ea, coyea paceo ax oaec copo peo ce c Paceo (Kpoo) aao, oe paccac a cpeeeea ea a opeee peeo epa eo ocee ce.
Pc oooc oep eo-o; oepec pc: a) pea o paa ey oac oxoo (p) oye oxoo (p); ) peoaae o oooe eooyee oxoa (p) o cpae c eo (ee) poo oea.
Po peaoo oapa po, a oopo coepac ce c a oapo. pyoe aae: a, ec po.
Po ex va ooece ooe ey yaca pa o ooy yca opae ex ya: a, oa, ecee p.
Co ce, p oopo oya a c oao eee 1-2 e coeaec c ee poae a oee ee cpo aoopo.
Cea pea -1) cea, aea xoe pex opo apecppoaa a pe o ycaoe e paa; 2) coaee, ocyoe xoe pex opo o ao epeae pa oaoce ooe peoo aa.
Cea c pea oapo pea cea, e oopo ec ecea epeaa oapa o poaa oyae.
Cea e peaoo apa pea cea, oeo oopo cyae peo epc opa oo.
Cea c eeeo ocao pea cea, aaea a a oap, axoc a cae p (poaa) y, Cpo coe o ce coaae c oeo ee ae a pe cocae oo 1-2 , Cea oopec ooopo y-poa.
Cey peo peo opoe, oxo oopoo caaec pa eax a oyaee poaaee a pe epce opa o pyo peo oap.
Co cea, o oopo pace pooc eeeo.
Cp 1) oepa, caa c oopeeo oyo poae epcx opao a o e ap, o c pa cpoa oca a pax pax. Cp oe yppeo, epeo, eap, peeo. e- cpa ec oyee p o p a pae eax; 2) paa eax poa oy peoo aa.
Caapa ycaoee peee pae peo opo ex aoo a peoo oapa op, pa, opao, aoo, peoa; oac o peoo caapa, o e oycaec pe pa, o ycaaac aa c peo ee a ooe o caapa.
T aoe papeeoe paa peo opo oeae ypca (e) peoo aa,
Top pee ace, ye op, opayee pe o ycaoe e paa opeeeo ece yaaoe pe.
ooa pa opaa, oeceaa opaee ex ya ( ocoo a). ee ya, opaaee a ooo pe, o po poeypy ca. Ha ooo pe poac oyac o cae ye ee ya.
opapa cea cea, cpo coe oopo e coaae c oeo ee ae a pe ooapaec opae.
epc opa - caap peo ooop a y-poay peoo aa aa oe yye o ee, opeeeo copoa p ae ce.
epc po ooece ooe o ooy ae epcx opao. .p, oo peo po. Boe, acoc, y cpaxoa eocx pco o ooe peaoy (aoy, -ecoy) py.
X
Xeep yac pa epcx opao, aa epce opa c e xepoa (cpaxoa) ceo ape peaoo oapa.
Xepoae cpaxoae eocx pco a ocoe a poooox o a pax pax ooo oo e peoo aa aocax ey coo pex ao.
ea ap p oo ea ocee peo ce.
ea opaa ea, o oopo ae epc opa.
ea op p 1) ea, c oopo aaec peo op ooo paoeo . Oo a ey op p paec ea ap p peyeo paoeo ; 2) ea epo ce, aeo a pe.
e p ecoe pecoe o, eee pao yacoa pex opax yacoa ypae pe, a ae paee yace oppoa aaa p.
a p epcoa paoo p, ocyax paoy p o cex ee peax.
papa opa ooo opo, pecaa coo epoec ecy opaoa po ceox apo, a ae a, oopyoa-, ox o poy. Top a , pooc aco, e ycaaac acoc o coooe cpoca peoe oapo. oyae, a pao, c ocpe, ayae poy aee epepoa.
Opaeue ae................................................................................................................................................................ 2
ABA 1 Cyoc peo opo............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1. OHTE OPAHOBAHHOO PHKA................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2. OTTEHE EPT PEBO TOPOB.............................................................................................................. 6
I.3. BO PEBO TOPOB.......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.4. PH COB.................................................................................................................................................................... 8
BOPOEH PEBO TOPOB B POCC B 1990-1991 ..................................................................................... 8
ABA II pa a opaap opo................................................................................................................... 11
2.1. OHTE P............................................................................................................................................................................ 12
CTOP EE BOHKHOBEH.................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.2. HK COBPEEHHO P.......................................................................................................................................... 13
2.3. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.4. PA OPAHA PEBO HPACTPKTP........................................................................................... 19
2.5. OHTE, COCTAB PH PEPOBAH PEBO ETEHOCT........................................ 23
ABA III........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.1. OHTE COCTAB PEBOO TOBAPA........................................................................................................................ 25
3.2. XAPAKTEPCTKA......................................................................................................................................................................... 26
PEBOO TOBAPA TOBAPHX P...................................................................................................................................... 26
3.3. EHHE A PEBO TOBAP................................................................................................................................ 28
3.4. BATA KAK TOBAP..................................................................................................................................................................... 31
ABA IV........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.1. PHOK EHHX A.............................................................................................................................................................. 32
4.2. TOBAPH PHOK........................................................................................................................................................................ 34
4.3. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 38
ABA V.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
........................................................................................................................................... 42
5.1. PEBE HEKC.................................................................................................................................................................. 42
5.2. HAEHTAH AHA B PEBO TOPOBE............................................................................................ 46
5.3.COOBAHE............................................................................................................................................................................ 51
TEXHECKOO AHAA B PEBO EE....................................................................................................................... 51
ABA VI........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 61
............................................................................................................................. 61
6.1. PETE EH P................................................................................................................................................ 61
6.2. OPAH PABEH PE.............................................................................................................................................. 64
ABA VII...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
...................................................................................................................................................... 68
7.1. POKEPCKA ETEHOCT................................................................................................................................................. 68
7.2. EPCKA ETEHOCTb.................................................................................................................................................... 70
ABA VIII..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
.............................................................................................................................................. 70
8.1. PABA PEBX TOPOB................................................................................................................................................. 70
8.2. ACTHK PEBX TOPOB........................................................................................................................................... 72
8.3. OCK PEBOO TOBAPA K TOPA............................................................................................................................ 74
8.4. TOPOBE OPEH X B...................................................................................................................................... 76
8.5. EXAH BEEH PEBOO TOPA.......................................................................................................................... 79
ABA IX........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 82
9.1. OHTE CEKAX C PEB TOBAPO................................................................................................................. 82
9.2.B, OCOEHHOCT.................................................................................................................................................................. 84
OPOK AKEH CEOK HA TOBAPHO, OHOBO BATHO PAX.................................. 84
ABA X......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
................................................................................................................ 88
l0.1. CHOCT HK KPHA PACETOB....................................................................................................... 88
l0.2. EE OCAHE KPHA PACETOB.................................................................................................................. 88
10.3. OCHOBHE B PCKOB..................................................................................................................................................... 89
10.4. KPH PACET HA PHKE EHHX A....................................................................................................... 90
10.5. KPH PACET HA.......................................................................................................................................................... 91
PHKE EPCHX KOHTPAKTOB........................................................................................................................................... 91
10.6.0CHOBHE HAPABEH..................................................................................................................................................... 92
PABT CCTE KPHA PACETOB............................................................................................................................ 92
XI ............................................................................................................................... 93
11.1. ..................................................................................................................... 93
11.2. CTAHOBEHE EH HA AKOHE............................................................................................................................. 94
11.3. ETO CTAHOBEH EHOO KPCA.................................................................................................................... 100
11.4. KCH KAK COCO CTAHOBEH EH....................................................................................................... 102
ABA XII.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 103
............................................................................................................................... 103
12.1. PO CPECTB ABTOAT B PEBO ETEHOCT...................................................................... 103
12.2. ABTOATPOBAHHE PAOE ECTA ACTHKOB PEBO ETEHOCT HA AE B 105
12.3. ABTOATPOBAHHE CCTE PABEH PA.............................................................................. 112
ABA XIII.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 116
....................................................................................................................... 116
13.1. OHTE EPCHO TOPOB EPCHOO KOHTPAKTA............................................................... 116
13.2. CTOP PH.............................................................................................................................................................. 119
BOHKHOBEH EPCHO TOPOB........................................................................................................................ 119
13.3. E EPCHO TOPOB......................................................................................................................................... 120
13.4. EXAH PEBO............................................................................................................................................................. 120
EPCHO TOPOB................................................................................................................................................................ 120
13.5. OPOK AKEH COHEH CEOK HA K-POA EPCHX KOHTPAKTOB 122
13.6. XEPOBAHE........................................................................................................................................................................ 124
PEBA CEK............................................................................................................................................................ 124
13.7. EHOOPAOBAHE ................................................................................................. 127
13.8. HAHCOBE PACET .......................................................................................... 129
13.9. OCOEHHOCT EPCHO TOPOB B POCC.............................................................................................. 131
XIV.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 133
.......................................................................................................................................... 133
14.1. ................................................................................................................... 133
14.2. ACHE OOHHE CTPATE............................................................................................................................. 134
14.2.1. POCTE CTPATE.......................................................................................................................................................... 135
14.2.2. PE OOHHE CTPATE................................................................................................................................. 138
14.2.3. PAK OOHHX CTPATE............................................................................................................................. 140
14.3. EHOOPAE AKTOP PEBX OOHOB......................................................................................... 142
Poccce p.......................................................................................................................................................................... 160
oe e a ocoe pee oap......................................................................................................... 161
COBAP PEBX TEPHOB............................................................................................................................................... 166
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 171