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The Golden Gate Bridge
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The Golden Gate Bridge has linked San Francisco and the Marin Peninsula for more______50 years. However, building it was no easy task. The idea of linking the two places was not a new one but it wasn't_________1917 that the first workable design was produced. It would ____ 20 years to complete the bridge, and from the outset there were__________difficulties: rough waters, foggy conditions and the danger of earthquakes all combined to make constructing this bridge a________trickier business than building New York's George Washington Bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge, ________was then_________largest in the world, was finished May 27th, 1937. Californians flocked to their new showpiece and walked from one end to the_______.The next day it was opened to cars.____the past 58 years it_________been part of daily life for millions of commuters. Of course, its paintwork must___________kept_____good condition. A 28-man team is responsible_________this.
Cast in situ concrete arch on the Caracas-La Guaiara highway, Venezuela.
X. Discussion. A new subway line is being built in the center of the city, but the route is obstructed by a ship- going river. You have to decide whether to build a tunnel or a bridge.
Study the arguments in favour or against
Think of some more.
| A tunnel | A bridge | |
| For | 1. No obstruction for shipping. 2. Little space is needed for the approaches. | 1. The construction of a bridge is cheaper. 2. It takes less time. 3. Later it can be widened if necessary. 4. The traffic capacity of the bridge per hour is higher. |
| Against | 1. Too costly. 2. Limited capacity. 3. Difficulties of constriction. 4. No opportunity for later widening. | 1. Obstruction to shipping. 2. Some people think that bridges spoil the view. |
Discuss the possibility of building either a tunnel or a bridge. Use the phrases:
On throne hand/ on the other hand,
Moreover,...
Besides,...
However,...
I'm afraid I disagree
I agree in a sense, but..,
In my view
The wav I see it
XI. Look for the information about one of Saint- Petersburg bridges. Make presentation in class according to the plan:
1) the name of the bridge;
2) when it was constructed;
3) who it was designed by;
4) the construction materials which were used;
5) the way it looks;
6) its dimensions;
7) its some interesting facts, connected with the bridge;
8) why you consider it to be the most beautiful.