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Match each term on the left with its explanation on the right. Try to memorize the meaning of the terms.
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| A | B |
| 1. hostilities | a) someone who fights in a war; |
| 2. belligerent country | b) things that have been stolen during a violent attack, especially during a war; |
| 3. combatant | c) acts of fighting; |
| 4. insurgent | d) the activity of fighting in a war, used especially when talking about particular methods of fighting; |
| 5. civilian | e) a country at war another country; |
| 6. plunder | f) anyone who is not a member of the army, navy, air force or police; |
| 7. warfare | g) one of a group of people fighting against the government of their own country. |
Choose the best word from the box given below to fill in each gap.
| a) hostilities | d) injury | g) combatants | k) attacked | n) civilian |
| b) force | e) territories | h) duty | l) military | o) addresses |
| c) belligerent | f) damage | i) unavoidable | m) rule |
The treatment of civilians is the subject of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which _____(1)_____ the treatment of enemy aliens in the territory of a _____(2)____ and the inhabitants of occupied _____(3)____. They are also the subject of Additional Protocol, which adds significantly to the _____(4)____ to protect civilians and civilian objects during active _____(5)_____.
The fundamental ____(6)____ expressed in Article 48 of the Protocol is that belligerent must distinguish between civilians and ____(7)_____, and between ____(8)____ and military objectives, and direct their operations only against ____(9)____ objectives.
The civilian population and civilian objects must not be ____ (10)____ deliberately or _____(11)____ be used indiscriminately, as was done in the “carpet bombing” of cities during the Second World War. But the death or _____(12)____of civilians or ____(13)____ to civilian property is not illegal if it is accidental or ____(14)____.
11. Fill in the missing prepositions from the list:
| in on of to by for |
A preposition may be used more than once.
UN forces
The members ____(1)____ the armed forces of a UN Member deployed ____(2)____ a UN peacekeeping mission are entitled to use force ____(3)____ self-defense. If under Chapter the Security Council authorizes Members to use force against another state, their armed forces will be taking part ____(4)____ an international armed conflict and IHL will apply ____(5)____ them. If they are ____(6)____ a UN peace-enforcing mission, IHL will still apply to them.
Although the United Nations and other international organizations are not parties _____(7)____ IHL treaties, the armed forces of Members made available ____(8)____ UN missions remain bound ____(9)____ IHL and will benefit from its protection. Enforcement ____(10)____ means of disciplinary or criminal proceedings against members _____(11)____ such armed forces is a matter ____(12)____ the Member concerned.