Fire and Ice

Some say the world will end in fire,

Some say in ice.

From what I’ve tasted of desire

I hold with those who favor fire.

But if it had to perish twice,

I think I know enough of hate

To say that for destruction ice

Is also great

And would suffice.

Robert Frost, 1919

Section B

Reading and speaking

Before you read:

5. Characterize the ecological situation of the area in which you live. Does it need improvement? Give an example to show how man is affecting the ecology of the area in which you live.

Here are some of the ways to solve the ecological problems. Try and explain how they are helpful.

1. The factories and plants must be removed from cities.

2. Green zones must be created.

3. The greenery must be protected and increased.

4. Pollution control systems must be introduced.

5. Purifying systems for cleaning and trapping harmful substances must be widely used.

6. Noise must be reduced.

You may use the following: to treat environmental protection as a matter of vital importance; to fight all kinds of pollution; to keep under constant control; to carry out research work, to conserve forests; to improve technology; to develop new technology; to spend huge sums and resources to purify water (air); to find new ways to use waste as raw material; to protect and increase the greenery; to broaden ecological education, to protect biological diversity, to guard against global climate change through the “greenhouse effect”; to promote environmentally sustainable development.

Try to remember the meaning of the following abbreviations. They will be used in the text below.

UNCHE – United Nations Convention on the Human Environment.

UNCED – United Nations Conference on Environment Development

WSSD – World Summit on Sustainable Development

MEAs – multilateral environmental agreements

ICJ – International Court of Justice

DSB – The World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Board

Note: sustainable – збалансований

Do your best to understand the meaning of the terms and try to remember them