Read the texts below. Match choices There are three choices you do not need to use. Choose the right title for every paragraph.

3) True or false?

1) Shaking hands is a polite gesture indicating friendship and acceptance.

2) By sticking out their tongues, people react to situations that may be pleasant for them.

3) The American “OK” sign, the joining of the thumb and forefinger in a circle, indicates that something is going wrong.

4) Crossing one’s fingers serves as protection from bad luck or from the penalties associated with lying.

5) The thumbs-down gesture indicates your positive feelings towards something, “ I like that”.

Match the items.

1) To prevent each other from suddenly attacking, strangers ________________________________thus demonstrating that neither party was about to use a weapon.

2) The gesture has been linked to the time of the Roman arena, where the emperor supposedly ordered life or death for a gladiator by ____________________________________.

3) When people wish for good luck_____________________________ and when they wish not to be held accountable for a lie________________.

4) Children often ________________________to tease each other.

Form

Topic: Forget What You Know About Good Study Habits

BY BENEDICT CAREY

Every September, millions of parents try a kind of psychological witchcraft, to transform their summer-glazed campers into fall students, their video-bugs into bookworms. Advice is cheap and all too familiar: Clear a quiet work space. Stick to a homework schedule. Set goals. Set boundaries. Do not bribe (except in emergencies). And check out the classroom. Does Junior’s learning style match the new teacher’s approach? Or the school’s philosophy? Maybe the child isn’t “a good fit” for the school. Such theories have developed in part because of sketchy education research that doesn’t offer clear guidance. Student traits and teaching styles surely interact; so do personalities and at-home rules. The trouble is, no one can predict how. Yet there are effective approaches to learning, at least for those who are motivated. In recent years, cognitive scientists have shown that a few simple techniques can reliably improve what matters most: how much a student learns from studying. The findings can help anyone, from a fourth grader doing long division to a retiree taking on a new language. But they directly contradict much of the common wisdom about good study habits, and they have not caught on. For instance, instead of sticking to one study location, simply alternating the room where a person studies improves retention. So does studying distinct but related skills or concepts in one sitting, rather than focusing intensely on a single thing.“We have known these principles for some time, and it’s intriguing that schools don’t pick them up, or that people don’t learn them by trial and error, ” said Robert A. Bjork, a psychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “Instead, we walk around with all sorts of unexamined beliefs about what works that are mistaken.”