by Graham Greene

The Quiet American

Dear Rene and Phuong,

I have asked permission to dedicate this book to you not only in memory of the happy evenings I have spent with you in Saigon over the last five years, but also because I have quite shamelessly borrowed the location of your flat to house one of my characters, and your name, Phuong, for the convenience of readers because it is simple, beautiful and easy to pronounce, which is not true of all your country-women's names. You will both realise I have borrowed little else, certainly not the characters of anyone in Viet Nam. Pyle, Granger, Fowler, Vigot, Joe-these have had no originals in the life of Saigon or Hanoi, and General The is dead: shot in the back, so they say. Even the historical events have been rearranged. For example, the big bomb near the Continental preceded and did not follow the bicycle bombs. I have no scruples about such small changes. This is a story and not a piece of history, and I hope that as a story about a few imaginary characters it will pass for both of you one hot Saigon evening.

Yours affectionately,

Graham Green

" I do not like being moved: for the will is excited; and action Is a most dangerous thing; I tremble for something factitious, Some malpractice of heart and illegitimate process; We're so prone to these things, with our terrible notions of duty."

A. H. Clough

" This is the patent age of new inventions For killing bodies, and for saving souls, All propagated with the best intentions." Byron

PART ONE

CHAPTER I

After dinner I sat and waited for Pyle in my room over the Catinat: he had said. " I'll be with you at latest by ten, " and when midnight had struck I couldn't stay quiet any longer and went down into the street. A lot of old women in black trousers squatted on the landing: it was February and I suppose too hot for them in bed. One trishaw driver pedalled slowly by towards the river-front and I could see lamps burning where they had disembarked the new American planes. There was no sign of Pyle anywhere in the long street.

Of course, I told myself, he might have been detained for some reason at the American Legation, but surely in that case he would have telephoned to the restaurant-he was very meticulous about small courtesies. I turned to go in-doors when I saw a girl waiting in the next doorway. I couldn't see her face, only the white silk trousers and the long flowered robe, but I knew her for all that. She had so often waited for me to come home at just this place and hour. " Phuong, " I said-which means Phoenix, but nothing nowadays is fabulous and nothing rises from its ashes. I Pyle.

" He isn't here." j'Je-sais. Je t'ai vu seui a la fenetre."

" You may as well wait upstairs, " I said. " He will be coming soon" I can wait here."

" Better not. The police might pick you up." She followed me upstairs. I thought of several ironic and unpleasant jests I might make, but neither her English nor her French would have been good enough for her to under-stand the irony, and, strange to say, I had no desire to hurt her or even to hurt myself. When we reached the landing all the old women turned their heads, and as soon as we had passed their voices rose and fell as though they were singing together.

" What are they talking about? "

" They think I have come home."

Inside my room the tree I had set up weeks ago for the Chinese New Year had shed most of its yellow blossoms. They had fallen between the keys of my typewriter. I picked them out. " Tues trouble, " Philong said. " It's unlike him. He's such apunctual man." I took off my tie and my shoes and lay down on the bed. Phuong lit the gas stove and began to boil the water for tea. It might have been six months ago. " He says you are going away soon now, " she said. " Perhaps."

" He is very fond of you." " Thank him for nothing, " I said.

I saw that she was doing her hair differently, allowing it to fall black and straight over her shoulders. I remembered that Pyle had once criticised the elaborated hairdressing which she thought became the daughter of a mandarin. I shut my eyes and she was again the same as she used to be: she was the hiss of steam, the clink of a cup, she was a certain hour of the night and the promise of rest.

" He will not be long, " she said as though I needed comfort for his absence.

I wondered what they talked about together: Pyle was very earnest and I had suffered from his lectures on the Far East, which he had known for as many months as I had years. Democracy was another subject of his, and he had pronounced and aggravating views on what the United States was doing for the world. Phuong on the other hand was wonderfully ignorant: if Hitler had come into the conversation she would have interrupted to ask who he was. The explanation would be made more difficult because she had never met a German or a Pole and had only the vaguest knowledge of European geography, though about Princess Margaret of course she knew more than 1. I heard her put a tray down on the end of the bed. " Is he still in love with you, Phuong? " To take an Annamite to bed with you is like taking a bird: they twitter and sing on your pillow. There had been a time when I thought none of their voices sang like Phuong's. I put out my band and touched her arm-their bones too were as fragile as a bird's. " Is he, Phuong? "

She laughed and I heard her strike a match.

" In love? " - perhaps it was one of the phrases she didn't understand.

" May I make your pipe? " she asked.

When I opened my eyes she had lit the lamp and the tray was already prepared. The lamplight made her skin the colour of dark amber as she bent over the flame with a frown of concentration, heating the small paste of opium, twirling her needle.

" Does Pyle still not smoke? " I asked her, " No."

" You ought to make him or he won't come back." It was a superstition among them that a lover who smoked would always return, even from France. A man's sexual capacity might be injured by smoking, but they would always prefer a faithful to a potent lover. Now she was kneading the little ball of hot paste on the convex margin of the bowl and I could smell the opium. There is no smell like it. Beside the bed my alarm-clock showed twelve-twenty, but already my tension was over. Pyle had diminished. The lamp lit her face as she tended the long pipe, bent above it with the serious attention she might have given to a child. I was fond of my 'pipe: more than two feet of straight bamboo, ivory at either end. Two-thirds of the way down was the bowl, like a convolvulus reversed, the convex margin polished and darkened by the frequent kneading of the opium. Now with a flick of the wrist she plunged the needle into the tiny cavity, released the opium and reversed the bowl over the flame, holding the pipe steady for me. The bead of opium bubbled gently and smoothly as I inhaled.

The practised inhaler can draw a whole pipe down in one breath, but I always had to take several pulls. Then I lay back, with my neck on the leather pillow, while she prepared the second pipe.

I said, " You know, really, it's as clear as daylight. Pyle knows I smoke a few pipes before bed, and he doesn't want to disturb me. He'll be round in the morning."

In went the needle and I took my second pipe. As I laid it down, I said, " Nothing to worry about. Nothing to I worry about at all." I took a sip of tea and held my hand in the pit of her arm.

" When you left me, " I said, " it was lucky I had this to fall ba< k on. There's a good house in the rue d'Ormay. What a fuss we Europeans make about nothing. You shouldn't live with a man who doesn't smoke, Phuong."

" But he's going to marry me, " she said. " Soon now."

" Of course, that's another matter." " Shall I make your pipe again? " " Yes."

I wondered whether she would consent to sleep with me that night if Pyle never came, but I knew that when I had smoked four pipes I would no longer want her. Of course it would be agreeable to feel her thigh beside me in the bed-she always slept on her back, and when I woke in the morning I could start the day with a pipe, instead of with my own company. " Pyle won't come now, " I said. " Stay here, Phuong." She held the pipe out to me and shook her head. By the time I had drawn the opium in, her presence or absence mattered very little. " Why is Pyle not here? " she asked.

" How do I know? " I said. " Did he go to see General The? "

" I wouldn't know."

" He told me if he could not have dinner with you, he would come here."

" Don't worry. He'll come. Make me another pipe." When she bent over the flame the poem of Baudelaire's came into my mind: " Mon enfant, ma soeur...." How did it go on?

" Aimer a loisir, Aimer et mourir Au pays qui te ressemble."

Out on the waterfront slept the ships, " dont l'humeur est vagabonde." I thought that if I smelt her skin it would have the faintest fragrance of opium, and her colour was that of the small flame. I had seen the flowers on her dress beside the canals in the north, she was indigenous like a herb, and I never wanted to go home.

" I wish I were Pyle, " I said aloud, but the pain was limited and bearable-the opium saw to that. Somebody knocked on the door. " Pyle, " she said. " No. It's not his knock."

Somebody knocked again impatiently. She got quickly up, shaking the yellow tree so that it showered its petals again over my typewriter. The door opened. " Monsieur Fowlair, " a voice commanded.

" I'm Fowler, " I said. I was not going to get up for a policeman-1 could see his khaki shorts without lifting my head.

He explained in almost unintelligible Vietnamese French that I was needed immediately-at once-rapidly--at the Surete.

" At the French Surete or the Vietnamese? "

" The French." In his mouth the word sounded like " Franking." " What about? "

He didn't know: it was his orders to fetch me. " Toi aussi, " he said to Phuong.

" Say vous When you speak to a lady, " I told him. " How did you know she was here? " He only repeated that they were his orders. " I'll come in the morning? "

" Sur ie chung, " he said, a little, neat, obstinate figure. There wasn't any point in.arguing, so I got up and put on my tie and shoes. Here the police had the last word: they could withdraw my order of circulation: they could have me barred from Press Conferences: they could even, if they chose, refuse me an exit permit. These were the open legal methods, but legality was not essential in a country at war. I knew a man who had suddenly and inexplicably lost his cook-he had traced him to the Vietnamese Surete, but the officers there assured him that he had been released after questioning. His family never saw him again: perhaps he had joined the Communists: perhaps he had been enlisted in one of the private armies which flourished round Saigon-the Hoa-Haos or the Caodaists or General The. Perhaps he was in a French prison. Perhaps he was happily making money out of girls in Cholon, the Chinese suburb. Perhaps his heart had given way when they questioned him. I said, " I'm not going to walk. You'll have to pay for a trishaw." One had to keep one's dignity.

That was why I refused a cigarette from the French officer at the Surete. After three pipes I felt my mind clear and alert: it could take such decisions easily without losing sight of the main question-what do they want from me? I had met Vigot before several times at parties-1 had noticed him because he appeared incongruously in love with his wife, who ignored him, a flashy and false blonde. Now it was two in the morning and he sat tired and depressed in the cigarette smoke and the heavy heat, wearing a green eye-shade, and he had a volume of Pascal open on his desk to while away the time. When I refused to allow him to question Phuong without me he gave way at once, with a single sigh that might have represented his weariness with Saigon, with the heat, or with the whole human condition.

He said in English, " I'm so sorry I had to ask you to come."

" I wasn't asked, I was ordered."

" Oh, these native police-they don't understand." His eyes were on a page of Les Pensees as though he were still absorbed in those sad arguments. " I wanted to ask you a few questions-about Pyle."

" You had better ask him the questions."

He turmed to Phuong and interrogated her sharply in French. " How long have you lived with Monsieur Pyle? "

" Amonth-I don't know" she said, " How much has he paid you? "

" You've no right to ask h^r.-that, " I said. " She's not for sale."

" She used to live with you, didn't she? " he asked abruptly. " For two years." J " I'm a correspondent who's supposed to report your war-when. you let him. Don't ask me to contribute to your scandal sheet as well.".

" What do you know about Pyle? Please answer my questions, M. Fowler. I don't want to ask them. But this is serious. Please believe me it is very serious."

" I'm not an informer. You know all I can tell you^bout Pyle. Age thirty-two, employed in the Economic Aid Mission, nationality American."

" You sound like a friend of his, " Vigot said, looking past me at Phuong. A native policeman came in with three Clips of black coffee.

" Or would you rather have tea? " Vigot asked. " I am a friend, " I said. " Why not? I shall begoing home one day, won't I? I can't take her with me. She'll be all right with him. It's a reasonable arrangement. And he's going to marry her, he says. He might, you know. He's a good chap in his way. Serious. Not one of those noisy bastards at the Continental. A quiet American, " I summed him precisely up as I might have said, 'a blue lizard, '

'a white elephant.'

Vigot said, " Yes." He seemed to be looking for words on his desk with which to convey his meaning as precisely as I had done. " A very quiet American." He sat there in the little hot office waiting for one of us to speak. A mosquito droned to the attack, and I watched Phuong. Opium makes you quick-witted- perhaps only because it calms the nerves and stills the emotions. Nothing, not even death, seems so important. Phuong, I thought, had, not caught bis tone, melancholy and final, and her English was very bad. While she sat there on the hard office-chair, she was still waiting patiently for Pyle. I had at that moment given up waiting, and I could see Vigot taking those two facts in..

" How did you meet him first? " Vigot asked me. Why should I explain to him that it was Pyle who had met me? I had seen him last September coming across the square towards the bar of the Continental: an unmistakably young and unused face flung at us like a dart. With his gangly legs and his crew-cut and his wide campus gaze he seemed incapable of harm. The tables on the street were most of them full. " Do you mind? " he had asked with serious courtesy. " My name's Pyle. I'm new here, " and he had folded himself around a chair and ordered a beer. Then he looked quickly up into the hard noon glare.

" Was that a grenade? " he asked with excitement and hope.

" Most likely the exhaust of a car, " I said, and was suddenly sorry for his disappointment. One forgets so quickly one's own youth: once I was interested myself in what for want of a better term they call news. But grenades had staled on me; they were something listed on the back page of the local paper-so many last night in Saigon, so many in Cholon: they never made the European Press..Up the street came the lovely fiat figures-the white silk trousers, the long tight jackets in pink and mauve patterns slit up the thigh: I watched them -with the nostalgia I knew I would feel when I had left these regions forever. " They are lovely, aren't they? " I said over my beer, and Pyle cast. them a cursory glance as they went on up the rue Catinat.

" Oh, sure, " he said indifferently: he was a serious type. " The Minister's very concerned about these grenades. It would be very awkward, he says, if the^ewas an incident- withoneofus.lmean.":

" With one of you? Yes, I suppose that would be serious. Congress wouldn't like it." Why does one want to tease the innocent? Perhaps only ten days ago he had been walking back across the Common in Boston his arms full of the books he had been reading in advance on the Far East and the problems of China. He didn't even he^r what I said: he was absorbed already in the dilemBaas of Democracy and the responsibilities of the West: heyas determined-1 learnt that very soon-to do good, not to any individual person but to a country, a continent, a world. Well, he was in his element now with the whole universe to improve.

" Is he in the mortuary? " I asked Vigot. " How did you know he was dead? " It was a foolish policeman's question, unworthy of the man who read Pascal, unworthy also of the man who so strangely loved his wife. YOU cannot love without intuition.

" Not guilty, " I said. I told myself that it was true. Didn't Pyle always go his own way? I looked for any feeling in myself, even resentment at a policeman's suspicion, but I could find none. No one but Pyle was responsible. Aren't we all better dead? the opium reasoned within me. But I looked cautiously at Phuong, for it was hard on her. She must have loved him in her way: hadn't she been fond of me and hadn't she left me for Pyle? She had attached lierself to youth and hope and seriousness and now they had failed her more than age and despair. She sat there looking at the two of us and I thought she had not yet understood. Perhaps it would be a good thing if I could get her away before the fact got home I was ready to answer any questions if I could bring the interview quickly and still ambiguously to. an end, so that I might tell her later, in private, away from a policeman's eye and the hard office-chairs and the bare globe where the moths circled. I said to Vigot, " What hours are you interested in? "

" Between six and ten."

" I had a drink at the Continental at six. The waiters will remember. At six forty-five I walked down to the quay to watch the American planes unloaded. I saw Wilkins of the Associated News by the door of the Majestic. Then I went into the cinema next door. They'll probably remember they had to get me change. From there I took a trishaw to the Vieux Moulin--1 suppose I arrived about eight thirty-and had dinner by myself. Granger was there-you can ask him. Then I took a trishaw back about a quarter to ten. You could probably find the driver. I was expecting Pyle at ten, but he didn't turn up."

" W: hy were you expecting him? " " He telephoned me. He said he had to see me about something important." " Have you any idea what? " " No. Everything was important to Pyle."

" And this girl of his? -do you know where she was? "

" She was waiting for him outside at midnight. She was anxious. She knows nothing. Why, can't you see she's waiting for him still? " " Yes, " he said.

" And you can't really believe I killed him for jealousy -or she for what? -he was going to marry her."

" Yes."

" Where did you find him? "

" He was in the water under the bridge to Dakow."

The Vieux Moulin stood beside the bridge. There were armed police on the bridge and the restaurant had an iron grille to keep out grenades. It wasn't safe to cross the bridge at night, for all the far side of the river was in the hands of the Vietminh after dark. I must have dined within fifty yards of his body.

" The trouble was, " I said, " he got mixed up."

" To speak plainly, " Vigot said, " I am not altogether sorry. He was doing a lot of harm."

" God save us always, " I said, " from the innocent and the good."

" The good? "

" Yes, good. In his way. You're a Roman Catholic. You wouldn't recognise his way. And anyway, he was a damned Yankee."

" Would you mind identifying him? I'm sorry. It's a routine, not a very nice routine."

I didn't bother to ask him why he didn't wait for someone from the American Legation, for I knew the reason. French methods are a little old-fashioned by our cold standards: they believe in the conscience, the sense of guilt. a criminal should be confronted with his crime, for he may break down and betray himself. I told myself again I was innocent, while he went down the stone stairs to where the refrigerating plant hummed in the basement.

They pulled him out like a tray of ice-cubes, and I looked at him. The wounds were frozen into placidity. I said, " You see, they don't re-open in my presence."

" Comment? "

" Isn't that one of the objects? Ordeal by something or other? But you've frozen him stiff. They didn't have deep freezes in the Middle Ages."

" You recognise him? " " Oh yes"

He looked more than ever out of place: he should have stayed at home. I saw him in a family snapshot album, riding on a dude ranch, bathing on Long Island, photographed with his colleagues in some apartment on the twenty-third floor. He belonged to the sky-scraper and the express elevator, the ice-cream, and the dry Martinis, milk at lunch, and chicken sandwiches on the Merchant Limited.

" He wasn't dead from this, " Vigot said, pointing at a wound in the chest. " He was drowned in the mud. We found the mud in his lungs."

" You work quickly." " One has to in this climate."

They pushed the tray back and closed the door. The rubber padded.

" You can't help us at all? " Vigot asked. " Not at all."

I walked back with Phuong towards my flat: I was no longer on my dignity. Death takes away vanity-even the vanity of the cuckold who mustn't show his pain. She was still unaware of what it was about, and I had no technique for telling her slowly and gently. I was a correspondent: I thought in headlines. " American official murdered in Saigon." Working on a newspaper one does not learn the way to break bad news, and even now I had to think of my paper and to ask her. " Do you mind stopping at the cable office? " I left her in the street and sent my wire and came back to her. It was only a gesture: I knew too well that the French correspondents would already be informed, or if Vigot had played fair (which was possible), then the censors would hold my telegram till the French had filed theirs. My paper would get the news first under a Paris date line. Not that Pyle was very important. It wouldn't have done to cable the details of his true career, that before he died he had been responsible for at least fifty deaths, for it would have damaged Anglo-American relations, the Minister would have been upset. The Minister had a great respect for Pyle-Pyle had taken a good degree in-well. one of those subjects Americans can take degrees in: perhaps public relations or theatrecraft, perhaps even Far Eastern studies (he had read a lot of books). " Where is Pyle? " Phuong asked. " What did they want? "

" Come home, " I asked. " Will Pyle come? "

" He's as likely to come there as anywhere else." The old women were still gossiping on the landing, in the relative cool. When I opened my door I could tell my room had been searched: everything was tidier than I ever left it.

" Another pipe? " Phuong asked. " Yes."

I took offmy^tie and my shoes; the interlude was over: the night was nearly the same as it had been. Phuong crouched at the end of the bed and lit the lamp. Mon enfant, ma soeur-skin the colour of amber. Sa douce langue natale.

" Phuong, " I said. She was kneading the opium on the bowl. " II est mort, Phuong." She held the needle in her hand and looked up at me like a-child trying to concentrate, frowning.'

'Tudis? " " Pyle est mort. Assassine."

She put the needle down and sat back on her heels, looking at me. There was no scene, no tears, just thought- the long private thought of somebody who has to alter a whole course of life.

" You had better stay here tonight, " I said. Shenodded and taking up the needle began again to heat the opium. That night I woke from one of those short deep opium sleeps, ten minutes long, that seem a whole 38 night's rest, and found my hand where it had always lain ^t night, between her legs. She was asleep and I could hardly hear her breathing. Once again after so many months I was not alone, and yet I thought suddenly with anger, remembering Vigot with his eye-shade in the police station and the quiet corridors of the Legation with no one about lad the soft hairless skin under my hand. Am I the only bne who really cared for Pyle?

CHAPTER II

The morning Pyle arrived in the square by the Conti-tteritall had seen enough of my American colleagues of the Press, big, noisy, boyish and middle-aged, full of sour Slacks against the French, who were, when all was said, frgftting this war. Periodically, after an engagement had liteen tidily finished and the casualties removed from the gfeerie.they would be summoned to Hanoi, nearly four fears' flight away, addressed by the Commander-in-Chief, lodged for one nighl in a Press Gamp where they boasted fliiatthe barman was the best in Indo-China, flown over ｹ c late battlefield at a height of 3, 000 feet (the limit of a heavy machine-gun's range) and then delivered safely and ftfeisily back, like aschool-treat, to the Continental Hotel in Saigon.

Pyle was quiet, he seemed modest, sometimes that first day I had to lean forward to catch what he was saying. And he was very, very serious. Several times he seemed to shrink up within himself at the noise of the American Press on the terrace above-the terrace which was popularly believed to be safer from hand-grenades. But he criticised nobody.

" Have you read York Harding? " he asked. " No. No, I don't think so. What did he write? " He gazed at a milk-bar across the street arid said dreamily, " That looks like a good soda-fountain." I wondered what depth of homesickness lay behind his odd choice of what to observe in a scene so unfamiliar. But hadn't I on my first walk up the rue Catinat noticed first the shop with the Guerlain perfume and comforted myself with the thought that, after all, Europe was only distant thirty hours? He looked reluctantly away from the milk-bar and said, " York wrote a book called The Advance of Red China. It's a very profound book."

" I haven't read it. Do you know him? " He nodded solemnly and lapsed into silence. But he brok^ it again a moment later to modify the impression he had given. " I don't know him w.ell, " he said. " I guess only met him twice." I liked him for that-to consider it was boasting to claim acquaintance with-what was his name? --York Harding. I was to learn later that he had an enormous respect for what he called serious writers. That term excluded novelists, poets and dramatists unless they had what he called a contemporary theme, and even then it was better to read the straight stuff as you got it from York.

I said, " You know, if you live in a place for long you cease to read about it."

" Of course I always like to know what the man on the spot has to say, " he replied guardedly. " And then cheek it with York? "

" Yes." Perhaps he had noticed the irony, because he added with his habitual politeness, " I'd take it as a very great privilege if you could find time to brief me on the 40 jttiain points. You see, York was here more than two years ago." ・ I liked his loyalty to Harding-whoever Harding was. It was a change from the denigrations of the Pressmen and their immature cynicism. I said, " Have another bottle of heCr and I'll try to give you an idea of things."

" I began, while he watched me intently like a prize p" pil, by explaining the situation in the North, in Tonkin, where the French in those days were hanging on to the ISIta of the Red River, which contained Hanoi and the ^nly northern port, Haiphong. Here most of the rice was grown, and when the harvest was ready the annual battle for the rice always began

" That's the North" I said. " The French may hold, poor devils, if the Chinese don't come to help theVietminh. A war of jungle and mountain and marsh, paddy flelds where you wade shoulder-high and the enemy simply disappear, bury their arms, put on peasant dress.... But you can rot comfortably in the damp in Hanoi. They don't throw bombs there. God knows why. You could call it a regular war." '" AndhereintheSouth? "

" The French control the main roads until seven in the fevOning: they control the watch towers after that, and the cities-part of them. That doesn't mean you are safe, or there wouldn't be iron grilles in front of the restaurants."

How often I had explained all this before. I was a record always turned on for the benefit of newcomers-the visiting Member of Parliament, the new British Minister. Sometimes I Would wake up in the night saying, " Take the case of the Caodaists.'

'Or the Hoa-Haos or the BinhXuyen, all the private armies who sold their services for money or revenge. Strangers found them picturesque, but there is liolhingpictutesque in treachery-and distrust.

" And now, " I said, " there's General The. He was Cao-daist Chief of Staff, but he's taken to the hills to fight both sides, the French, the Communists...."

" York, " Pyle said, " wrote that what the East needed was a Third Force." Perhaps I should have seen that fanatic gleam, the quick response to a phrase, the magic sound of figures: Fifth Column, Third Force, Seventh Day. I might haye saved all of us a lot of trouble, even Pyle, if I had realised the direction of that indefatigable young brain. But I left him with the arid bones of background and took my daily walk up and down the rue Catinat. He would have to learn for himself the real background that held you as a smell does: the gold of the rice-fields under a flat late sun: the fisher's fragile cranes hovering over the fields like mos-quitoes: the cups of tea on an old abbot's platform, with his bed and his commercial calendars, his buckets and broken cups and the junk of a lifetime washed up around his chair: the mollusc hats of the girls repairing the road where a mine had burst: the gold and the young green and the bright dresses of the south, and in the north the deep browns and the black clothes and the circle of enemy mountains and the drone of planes. When I first came I counted the days of my assignment, like a schoolboy marking off the days of term; I thought I was tied to what was left of a Bloomsbury square and the 73 bus passing the portico of Euston and springtime in the local in Torrington Place. Now the bulbs would be out in the square garden, and I didn't care a damn. I wanted a day punctuated by those quick reports that might be car-exhausts or might be grenades, I wanted to keep the sight of those silk-trousered figures moving with grace through the humid noon, I wanted Phuong.and my home had shifted its ground eight thousand miles. I turned at the High Commissioner's house, where the 42

^Foreign Legion stood on guard in their white kepis and their scarlet epaulettes, crossed by the Cathedral and came back by the dreary wall of the Vietnamese Surete that seemed to smell of urine and injustice. And yet that too was ^ part of home, like the dark passages on upper floors one avoided in childhood. The new dirty magazines were out on the bookstalls near the quay-Tabu and Illusion and the sailors were drinking beer on the pavement, an e^y mark for a home-made bomb. I thought of Phuong, who would be haggling over the price of fish in the third street down on the left before going for her elevenses to the milk-bar (I always knew where she was in those days), and Pyle ran easily and naturally out of my mind. I didn't even mention him to Phuong, when we sat down to lunch together in our room over the rue Catinat and she wore her best flowered silk robe because it was two years to a day aij^ we had met in the Grand Monde in Cholon. ^

(2)

Neither of us mentioned him when we woke on the morning after his death. Phuong had risen before I was properly awake and had our tea ready. One is not jealous of the dead, and it seemed easy to me that morning to take up our old life together.

" Will you stay tonight? " I asked Phuong over the crois-sants as casually as I could. " I will have to fetch my box."

" The police may be there, " I said. " I had better come with you." It was the nearest we came that day to speaking of Pyle.

Pyle had a flat in a new villa near the rue Duranton, off one of those main streets which the French continually subdivided in honour of their generals-so that the rue de Gaulle became after the third intersection the rue Leclerc, and that again sooner or later would probably turn abruptly into the rue de Lattre. Somebody important must have been arriving from Europe by air, for there was a policeman facing the pavement every twenty yards along the route to the High Commissioner's Residence.

On the gravel drive to Pyle's apartment were several motor-cycles and a Vietnamese policeman examined by press-card. He wouldn't allow Phuong into the house, so I went in search of a French officer. In Pyle's bathroom Vigot was washing his hands with Pyle's soap and drying them on Pyle's towel. His tropical suit had a stain of oil on the sleeve-Pyle's oil, I supposed. " Any news? " I asked.

" We found his car in the garage. It's empty of petrol. jli'must have gone off last night in a trishaw-or in some-lody else's car. Perhaps the petrol was drained away."

" He might even have walked, " I said. " You know what Americans are."

" Your car was burnt, wasn't it? " he went thoughtfully on. " You haven't a new one? "

" No."

" It's not an important point."

" No."

" Have you any views? " he asked. " Too many, " I said. " Tell me."

" Well, he might have been murdered by the Vietminh. They have murdered plenty of people in Saigon. His body was found in the river by the bridge to Dakow-Vietminh territory when your police withdraw at night. Or he might have been killed by the Vietnamese Surete-it's been known. Perhaps they did not like his friends. Perhaps he was killed by the Caodaists because he knew General The."

" Did he? "

" They say so. Perhaps he was killed by General The because he knew the Caodaists. Perhaps he was killed by the Hoa-Haos for making passes at the General's concubines. Perhaps he was just killed by someone who wanted his money."

" Or a simple case of jealousy, " Vigot said. " Or perhaps by the French Surete, " I continued, " because they didn't like his contacts. Are you really looking for the people who killed him? "

" No, " Vigot said. " I'm just making a report, that's all. So long as it's an act of war-well, there are thousands killed every year."

" You can rule me out, " I said. " I'm not involved. Not involved, " I repeated. It had been an article of my creed. The human condition being what it was, let them fight, let them love, let them murder, I would not be involved. My fellow journalists called themselves correspondents; I preferred the title of reporter. I wrote what I saw: I took no action-even an opinion is a kind of action. " What are you doing here? "

" I've come for Phuong's belongings. Your police wouldn't let her in."

" Well, let us go and find them."

" It's nice of you, Vigot."

Pyle had two rooms, a kitchen and bathroom. We went to the bedroom. I knew where Phuong would keep her box-under the bed. We pulled it out together; it contained her picture books. I took her few spare clothes out of the wardrobe, her two good robes and her spare trousers. One had a sense that they had been hanging there for a few hours only and didn't belong, they were in passage like a butterfly in a room. In a drawer I found her small triangular pants and her collection of scarves. There was really very 45 little to put in the box, less than a week-end visitor's at home.

In the sitting-room there was a photograph of herself and Pyle. They had been photographed in the botanical gardens beside a large stone dragon. She held Pyle's dog on a leash-a black chow with a black tongue. A too black dog. I put the photograph in her box. " What's happened to the dog? " I said.

" It isn't here. He may have taken it with him."

" Perhaps it will return and you can analyse the earth on its paws."

" I'm not Lecoq, or even Maigret, and there's a war on."

I went across to the bookcase and examined the two rows of books-Pyle's library. The Advance of Red China, The Challenge to Democracy. The Role of the West-these, I suppose, were the complete works of York Harding. There were a lot of Congressional Reports, a Vietnamese phrase book, a history of the War in the Philippines, a Modern Library Shakespeare. On what did he relax? I found his light reading on another shelf: a portable Thomas Wolfe and a mysterious anthology called The Triumph of Life, and a selection of American poetry. There was also a book of chess problems. It didn't seem much for the end of the working day, but, after all, he had had Phuong. Tucked away behind the anthology there was a paper-backed book called The Physiology of Marriage. Perhaps he was studying sex, as he had studied the East, on paper. And the keyword was marriage. Pyle believed in being involved.

His desk was quite bare. " You've made a clean sweep, " I said.

" Oh, " Vigot said. " I had to take charge of these on behalf of the American Legation. You know how quickly rumour spreads. There might have been looting. I had all his 46 papers sealed up." He said it seriously without even smiling. " Anything damaging? "

" We can't afford to find anything damaging against an ally, " Vigot said.

" Would you mind if I took one of these books-as a keep-sake? "

" I'll look the other way."

I chose York Harding's The Role of the West and packed it in the box with Phuong's clothes.

" As a friend, " Vigot said, " is there nothing you could tell me in confidence? My report's all tied up. He was murdered by the Communists. Perhaps the beginning of a campaign against American aid. But between you and me- testen, it's dry talking, what about a vermouth cassis round the corner? "

" Too early."

" He didn't confide anything to you the last time he saw you? ". " No.".

" When was that? "

^" Yesterdaymorning.Afterthebigbang."

" He paused to let my reply sink in-to my mind, not to his: he interrogated.fairly. " You were out when he called on you last night? "

" Last night? I must have been. I didn't think..."

" You may be wanting an exit visa. You, know we could delay it indefinitely."

" Do you really believe, " I said, " that I want to go home? "

Vigot looked through the window at the bright cloudless day. He said sadly, " Most people do."

" I like it here. At home there are-problems." " Merde, " Vigot said, " here's the American Economic Attache. He repeated with sarcasm, " Economic Attache."

" I'd better be off. He'll want to seal me up too." Vigot said wearily, " I wish you luck. He'll have a terrible lot to say to me."

The Economic Attache was standing by his Packard when I came out, trying to explain something to his driver. He was a stout middle-aged man with an exaggerated bottom and a face that looked as if it had never needed a razor. He called out, " Fowler. Could you explain to this darned driver...? " I explained.

He said, " But that's just what I told him, but he always pretends not to understand French."

" It may be a matter of accent."

" I was three years in Paris. My accent's good enough for one of these darned Vietnamese."

" The voice of Democracy, " I said. " What's that? "

" I expect it's a book by York Harding."

" I don't get you." He took a suspicious look at the box I carried. " What've you got there? " he said.

" Two pairs of white silk trousers, two silk robes, some girl's underpants-three pairs, I think. All home products. No American aid."

" Have you been upthere? " he asked. " Yes." " You heard the news? " " Yes."

" It's a terrible thing, " he said, " terrible."

" I expect the Minister's very disturbed." " I should say. He's with the High Commissioner now, and he's asked for an interview with the President." He put his hand on my arm and walked me away from the cars. " You knew young Pyle well, didn't you? I can't get 48 over a thing like that happening to him. I knew his father. Professor Harold C. Pyle-you'll have heard of him? " " No."

" He's the world authority on under-water erosion. Didn't you see his picture on the cover of Timetbe other month? "

" Oh, I think I remember, A crumbling cliff in the background and gold-rimmed glasses in the foreground."

" That's him. I had to draft the cable home. It was terrible. I loved that boy like he was my son."

" That makes you closely related to his father." He turned his wet brown eyes on me. He said, " What's getting you? That's not the way to talk when a fine young fellow..."

" I'm sorry, " I said. " Death takes people in different ways." Perhaps he had really loved Pyle. " What did you say in your cable? " I asked.

He replied seriously and literally, '" Grieved to report your son died soldeir's death in cause of Democracy.' The Minister signed it."

" A soldier's death, " I said. " Mightn't that prove a bit confusing? I mean to the folks at home. The Economic Aid Mission doesn't sound like the Army. Do you get Purple. Hearts? "

He said in a low voice, tense with ambiguity, " He had special duties."

" Oh yes, we all guessed that." " He didn't talk, did he? "

" Oh, no, " I said, and Vigot's phrase came back to me, 'He was a very quiet American.' "

" Have you any hunch, " he asked, " why they killed him? and who? "

Suddenly I was angry; I was tired of the whole pack of them with their private stores of Coca-Cola and their portable hospitals and their wide cars and their not quite latest guns. I said, " Yes. They killed him because he was too innocent to live. He was young and ignorant and silly and he got involved. He had no more of a notion than any of you what the whole affair's about, and you gave him money and York Harding's books on the East and said, 'Go ahead. Win the East for democracy.' He never saw anything he hadn't heard in a lecture-hall, and his writers and his lectures made a fool of him. When he saw a dead body he couldn't even see the wounds. A Red menace, a soldier of democracy."

" I thought you were his friend, " he said in a tone of reproach.

" I was his friend. I'd have liked to see him reading the Sunday supplements at home and following the baseball. I'd have liked to see him safe with a standardised American girl who subscribed to the Book Club."

He cleared his throat with embarrassment. " Of course, " he said, " I'd forgotten that unfortunate business. I was quite on your side. Fowler. He behaved very badly. I don't mind telling you I had a long talk with him about the girl. You see, I had the advantage of knowing Professor and Mrs. Pyle.. "

I said, " Vigot's waiting, " and walked away. For the first time he spotted Phuong and when I looked back at him he was watching me with pained perplexity: an eternal elder brother who didn't understand.

CHAPTER III

(1)

The first time Pyle met Phuong was again at the Continental, perhaps two months after his arrival. It was the early evening, in the momentary cool which came when the sun had just gone down, and the candles were lit on the shalls in the side streets. The dice rattled on the tables where the French were playing Quatre Vingt-et-un and the girls in the white silk trousers bicycled home down the rue Catinat. Phuong was drinking a glass of orange juice and I was having a beer and we sat in silence, content to be together. Then Pyle came tentatively across, and I introduced them. He had a way of staring hard at a girl as though he hadn't seen one before and then blushing. I was wondering whether you and your lady, " Pyle said, would step across and join my table. One of our attaches..."

It was the Economic Attache. He beamed down at us from the terrace above, a great warm welcoming smile, full of confidence, like the man who keeps his friends because he uses the right deodorants. I had heard him called Joe a number of times, but I had never learnt his surname. He made a noisy show of pulling out chairs and calling for the waiter, though all that activity could possibly produce at the Continental was a choice of beer, brandy-and-soda or vermouth cassis. " Didn't expect to see you here. Fowler, " he said. " We- are waiting for the boys back from Hanoi. There seems to have been quite a battle. Weren't you with them? "

" I'm tired of flying four hours for a Press Conference, "

I said He looked at me with disapproval. He said, " These guys are real keen. Why, I expect they could earn twice as much in business or on the radio without any risk."

" They might have to work, " I said. " They seem to sniff the battle like war-horses, " he went on exultantly, paying no attention to words he didn't like. " Bill Granger-you can't keep him out of a scrap."

" I expect you're right. I saw him in one the other evening at the bar of the Sporting."

" You know very well I didn't mean that." Two trishaw drivers came pedalling furiously down the rue Catinat and drew up in a photo-finish outside the Continental. In the first was Granger. The other contained a small, grey, silent heap which Granger now began to pull out on to the pavement. " Oh, come on, Mick, " he said, 'come on." Then he began to argue with his driver about the fare. " Here, " he said, " take it or leave it, " and flung five times the correct amount into the street for the man to stoop for.

The Economic Attache said nervously, " I guess these boys deserve a little relaxation."

Granger flung his burden on to a chair. Then he noticed Phuong. " Why, " he said, " you old so-and-so, Joe. Where did you find her? Didn't know you had a whistle in you. Sorry, got to find the can. Look after Mick."

" Rough soldierly manners, " I said.

Pyle said earnestly, blushing again, " I wouldn't have invited you two over if I'd thought..."

The grey heap stirred in the chair and the head fell on the table as though it wasn't attached. It sighed, a long whistling sigh of infinite tedium, and lay still. " Do you know him? " I asked Pyle. " No. Isn't he one of the Press? "

" I heard Bill call him Mick, " the Economic Attache said. " Isn't there a new U.P. correspondent? "

" It's not him. I know him. What about your Economic Mission? You can't know all your people-there are hundreds of them."

" I don't think he belongs, " the Economic Attache said. " I can't recollect him."

" We might find his identity card, " Pyle suggested.

For God's sake don't wake him. One drunk's enough..anyway Granger will know."

But he didn't. He came gloomily back from the lavatory. Who is the dame? " he asked morosely. '

'Miss Phuong is a friend of Fowler's, " Pyle said stiffly. We want to know who..."

" Where'd he find her? You got to be careful in this town." He added gloomily, " Thank God for penicillin."

" Bill, " the Economic Attache said, " we want to know who Mick is." " Search me." " But you brought him here." " The Frogs can't take Scotch. He passed out." " Is he French? I thought you called him Mick." " Had to call him something, " Granger said. He leant over to Phuong and said, " Here. You. Have another glass of orange? Got a date tonight? "

I said, " She's got a date every night." The Economic Attache said hurriedly, " How's the war, Bill? ".

.. " Great victory north-west of Hanoi. French recapture two villages they never told us they'd lost. Heavy Vietminh casualties. Haven't been able to count their own yet but let us know in aweek or two."

The Economic Attache said, " There's a rumour that the Vietminh have broken intoPhat Diem, burned the Cathe-chased out the Bishop."

" They wouldn't tell us about that in Hanoi. That's not a victory."

" One of our medical teams couldn't get beyond Nam Dinh, " Pyle said.

" You didn't get down as far as that, Bill? " the Economic Attache asked. " Who do you think I am? I'm a correspondent with 53 an Ordre de Gireulation which shows when I'm out of bounds. I fly to Hanoi airport. They give us a car to the Press Camp. They lay on a flight over the two towns they've recaptured and show us the tricolour flying. It might be any darned flag at that height. Then we have a Press Conference and a colonel explains to us what we've been looking at. Then we file our cables with the censor. Then we have drinks. Best barman in Indo-China. Then we catch the plane back." Pyle frowned at his beer.

" You underrate yourself, Bill, " the Economic Attache said. " Why, that account of Road 66--what did you call it? Highway to Hell-that was worthy of the PUlitzer. You know the story I mean-the man with his head blown off kneeling in the ditch, and that other you saw walking in a dream..."

" Do you think I'd really go near their stinking highway? Stephen Crane could describe a war without seeing one. Why shouldn't I? It's only a damned colonial war anyway. Get me another drink. And then let's go and find a girl. You've got a bit of tail. I want a bit of tail too."

I said to Pyle, " Do you think there's anything in the rumour about Phat Diem? "

" I don't know. Is it important? I'd like to go and have a look, " he said, " if it's important."

" Important to the Economic Mission? " " Oh, well, " he said, " you can't draw hard lines. Medicine's a kind of weapon, isn't it? These Catholics, they'd be pretty strong against the Communists, wouldn't they? "

" They trade with the Communists. The Bishop gets his cows and the bamboo for his building from the Communists. I wouldn't say they were exactly York Harding's Third Force, " I teased him. " Break it up, " Granger was shouting. " Can't waste the whole night here. I'm off to the House of Five Hundred girls.

" If you and Miss Phuong would have dinner with me..." Pyle said.

" You can eat at the Chalet, " Granger interrupted him, " while I'm knocking the girls next door. Come on, Joe. Anyway you're a man."

I think it was then, wondering what is a man, that I felt my first affection for Pyle. He sat a little turned away from Granger, twisting his beer mug, with an expression of determined remoteness. He said to Phuong, " I guess you get tired of all this shop-about your country, I mean? "

" Comment? "

" What are you going to do with Mick? " the Economic attache asked. " Leave him here, " Granger said.

" You can't do that. You don't even know his name."

" We could bring him along and let the girls look after The -Economic Attache gave a loud communal laugh. He looked like a face on television. He said, " You young pyople can do what you want, but I'm too old for games. I'll take him home with me. Did you say he was French? " " He spoke French." " If you can get him into my car.. " After he had driven away, Pyle took a trishaw with Biranger, and Phuong and I followed, along the road to Ghholon. Granger had made an attempt to get into the trishaw with Phuong, but Pyle diverted him. As they pedalled us down the long suburban road to the Chinese town a line of '" French armoured cars went by, each with its jutting gun and silent officer motionless like a figure-head under ste stars and the black, smooth, concave sky-trouble again probbably with a private army, the Binh Xuyen, who ran 55 the Grand Monde and the gambling halls of Cholon. This was a land of rebellious barons. It was like Europe in the Middle Ages. But what were the Americans doing here? Columbus had not yet discovered their country. I said to Phuong, " I like that fellow, Pyle."

" He's quiet, " she said, and the adjective which she was the first to use stuck like a schoolboy name, till I heard even Vigot use it, sitting there with his green eye-shade, telling me of Pyle's death.

I stopped our trishaw outside the Chalet and said to Phuong, " Go in and find a table. I had better look after Pyle." That was my first instinct-to protect him. It never occurred to me that there was greater need to protect myself. Innocence always calls mutely for protection when we would be so much wiser to guard ourselves against it: innocence is like a dumb leper who has lost his bell, wandering the world, meaning no harm.

When I reached the House of the Five Hundred Girls, Pyle and Granger had gone inside. I asked at the military police post just inside the doorway, " Deux Americains? "

He was a young Foreign Legion corporal. He stopped cleaning his revolver and jutted his thumb towards the doorway beyond, making a joke in German. I couldn't understand it.

It was the hour of rest in the immense courtyard which lay open to the sky. " Hundreds of girls lay on the grass or sat on their heels talking to their companions. The curtains were undrawn in the little cubicles around the square-one tired girl lay alone on a bed with her ankles crossed. There was trouble in Cholon and the troops were confined to quarters and there was no work to be done: the Sunday of the body. Only a knot of fighting, scrabbling, shouting girls showed me where custom was still alive. I remembered the old Saigon story of the distinguished visitor who had lost 56 this trousers fighting his way back to the safety of the police post. There was no protection here for the civilian. If he chose to poach on military territory, he must look after himself and find his own way out.

I had learnt a technique-to divide and conquer. I chose one in the crowd that gathered round me and edged, her slowly, towards the spot where Pyle and Granger struggled. " Je suis un vieux, " I said. " Trop fatigue." She giggled and pressed. " Mon ami, " I said, " il est tres riche, tres vigoureux."

" Tu es sale, " she said.

" I caught sight of Granger flushed and triumphant; it was as though he took this demonstration as a tribute to his manhood. One girl had her arm through Pyle's and was trying to tug him gently out of the ring. I pushed my girl in among them and called to him, " Pyle, over here." He looked at me over their heads and said, " It's terrible. Terrible.'

'ltmay have been a trick of the lamplight, but his face looked haggard. It occurred to me that he was quite possibly a virgin.

" Come along, Pyle, " I said. " Leave them to Granger." I saw his hand move towards his hip pocket. I really believe he-intended to empty his pockets of piastres and green-backs " Don't be a fool, Pyle, " I called sharply. " You'll have them fighting." My girl was turning back to me and I gave her another push into the inner ring round Granger. " Non, non, " I said, " je suis un Anglais, pauvre, tres pauvre."

Then I got hold of Pyle's sleeve and dragged him out, with the girl hanging on to his other arm like a hooked fish. Two or three girls tried to intercept us before we got to the gateway where the corporal stood watching, but they were half-hearted.

" What'll I do with this one? " Pyle said. " She won't be any trouble, " and at that moment she 57 let go his arm and dived back into the scrimmage round Granger.

" Will he be all right? " Pyle asked anxiously. " He's got what he wanted-a bit of tail." The night outside seemed very quiet with only another squadron of armoured cars driving by like people with a purpose. He said, " It's terrible. I wouldn't have believed..." He said with sad awe, " They were so pretty." He was not envying Granger, he was complaining that anything good -and prettiness and grace are surely forms of goodness- should be marred or ill-treated. Pyle could see pain when it was in front of his eyes. (I don't write that as a sneer; after all there are many of us who can't.) I said, " Come back to the Chalet. Phuong's waiting."

" I'm sorry, " he said. " I quite forgot. You shouldn't have left her." " SHe wasn't in danger."

" I just thought I'd see Granger safely-" He dropped again into his thoughts, but as we entered the Chalet he said with obscure distress, " I'd forgotten how many men there are..."

(2) - Phuong had kept us a table at the edge of the dance-floor and the orchestra was playing some tune which had been popular in Paris five years ago. Two Vietnamese couples were dancing, small, neat, aloof, with an air of civilisation we couldn't match. (I recognised one, an accountant from the Banque de 1'lndo-Chine and his wife.) They never, one felt, dressed carelessly, said the wrong word, were a prey to untidy passion. If the war seemed medieval, they were like the eighteenth-century future. One would have expected Mr. Pham-Van-Tu to write Augustans in his spare time, but I happened to know he was a student 58

^ii Wordsworth and wrote nature poems. His holidays he spent at Dalat, the nearest he could get to the atmosphere of the English lakes. He bowed slightly as he came round. wondered how Granger had fared fifty yards up the road. Pyle was apologising to Phuong in bad French for having kept her waiting. " C'est impardonable, " he said. " Where have you been? " she asked him. He said, " I was seeing Granger home."

" Home? " I said and laughed, and Pyle looked at me as though I were another Granger. Suddenly I saw myself as he saw me, a man of middle-age, with eyes a little bloodshot, beginning to put on weight, ungraceful in love, less noisy than Granger perhaps but more cynical, less innocent, and Isaw Phuong for a moment as I had seen her first, dancing past my table at the Grand Mondein a white ball-dress, eighteen years old, watched by an elder sister who had been detemined on a good European marriage. An American had bought a ticket and asked her for a dance: he was a little drunk-not harmfully, and I suppose he was new to the country and thought the hostesses of the Grand Monde were whores. He held her much too close as they went round the floor the first time, and then suddenly there she was, going back to sit with her sister, and he was left, stranded and lost among the dancers, not knowing what had happened or why. And the girl whose name I didn't know sat quietly there, occasionally sipping her orange juice, owning herself completely.

" Peut-on avoir l'honneur? " Pyle was saying in hister-rible accent and a moment later I saw them dancing in silence at the other end of the room, Pyle holding her so far away from him that you expected him at any moment to sever contact. He was a very bad dancer, and she had been the best dancer I had ever known in her days at the Grand Monde.

It had been a long and frustrating courtship. If I could have offered marriage and a settlement everything would have been easy, and the elder sister would have slipped quietly and tactfully away whenever we were together. But three months passed before I saw her so much as momentarily alone, on a balcony at the Majestic, while her sister in the next room kept on asking when we proposed to come in. A cargo boat from France was being unloaded in Saigon River by the light of flares, the trishaw bells rang like telephones, and I might have been a young and inexperienced fool for all I found to say. I went back hopelessly to my bed in the rue Catinat and never dreamed that four months later she would be lying beside me, a little out of breath, laughing as though with surprise because nothing had been quite what she expected.

" Monsieur Fowlair." I had been watching them dance and hadn't seen her sister signalling to me from another table. Now she came over and I reluctantly asked her to sit down. We had never been.friends since the night she was taken ill in the Grand Monde and I had seen Phuong home.

" I haven't seen you for a whole year, " she said. " I am away so often at Hanoi."

" Who is your friend? " she asked. " A man called Py