Careers in tourism

Like most service industries, tourism is labour-intensive; that is, it employs a high proportion of people in comparison to the number that it serves. The range of jobs is also very wide, from unskilled, like a dish washer in a restaurant, to semi-skilled, like a waiter or a chambermaid, to skilled, like a travel agent or a tour operator. In addition, tourism generates many jobs that are not usually considered to be within the industry itself — jobs in construction, manufacturing, and merchandising.

A majority of the jobs in tourism have one common feature: contact with the public, including both the positive and negative aspects of dealing with ordinary human beings. Anyone who has chosen a career in tourism should enjoy working with people and be tolerant, especially since the irritations of travel can bring out the worst qualities in some people.

In many jobs in which it is necessary to deal with the public, language skill is necessary or desirable. People who hold jobs of this kind include travel agency employees, ticket and reservations agents, airline flights personnel, front-desk employees in hotels, tour conductors or guides, waiters, barmen and so forth. The degree of language skill may vary from using special terms in catering service jobs to speaking fluently among travel agents and tour guides. The degree of language skill may vary according to the location of the job.

The tourist industry differs from many others as it employs more women than other kinds of business. Indeed, women are found at all levels. Many successful travel agents are women who have established independent enterprises after gaining experience elsewhere in the industry. There are many different ways to acquire the necessary experience. Some agents begin as clerical workers or secretaries in travel agencies or in the transportation companies. Particular jobs that provide useful knowledge include those of ticket agent and reservations agent for the airlines.

In addition to dealing with the public, the travel agent must deal with people who work for the other components in the industry. One of the most important aspects of the job is keeping informed of the highly complex pricing policies of airlines and the resort hotels. The agent must also keep up with other developments in the industry — new resorts, changing travel regulations, new services. So travel agents who go on familiarization tours are given lavish treatment so as to impress them favourably with the services that are being offered.

The people who write about travel also receive lavish treatment from (lie tourist industry. There are relatively few travel writers, but they fill an important place in publicizing the industry. Some of them work full- time for magazines or newspapers. Others are free-lancers: they work for themselves and sell their articles to any publication that is interested in them. There is also a small industry involved in writing and publishing travel guidebooks.

The tour operators work much more within the framework of ordinary corporate practice than the small retail agencies do. Companies like Cook and American Express employ people in nearly all phases of tourism, ranging from the jobs that would be found in a retail travel agency to those that deal with packaging tours or establishing overall policy for the companies. They also employ a large staff to work on advertising and publicity.

Official and semi-official tourist bureaus also employ many people who perform different kinds of work. Some of the jobs are related to promotion which is extremely important to the whole industry. Others are involved with research, such as gathering travel statistics and trying to work out systems that increase their accuracy. Others are concerned with planning and development of existing facilities.

Consulting firms also play a part in the tourist industry. A consultant offers the expertise he has acquired through study and experience to individual clients on a fee basis. In tourism, consultants are called in to give advice to government tourist bureaus or private developers.

Perhaps the most distinctive and difficult job in the entire industry belongs to the tour guide or conductor.

The term guide is used for one in charge of local sightseeing and " conductor" is the one accompanying a group throughout its travels and making all the arrangements for the group.

The sightseeing guide must be familiar with the points of interest that he is showing to the visitors. He usually gives a prepared talk that describes the points of interest, but he must also be prepared to answer a lot of questions. And he has to deal with any problems that occur during the tour or excursion, such as bad weather, sudden illness, an accident. A sightseeing guide needs two qualities above all — an outgoing personality and language skill.

The conductor, or the guide who stays with a group throughout its trip needs the same two qualities. He also needs to have a thorough knowledge of all the regulations and red tape that the tourists will meet when going from one country to another. These are the aspects of travel that are likely to cause the most problems and create the most irritation when they go wrong: handling the luggage of the group, easing them through government formalities, making sure they get the kind of accommodations, food and entertainment they have paid for. Another distinctive job in tourism is that of a social director. Many resort hotels and nearly all cruise ships employ a person who is in charge of the activities that are supposed to entertain and amuse the customers. The social director not only has to organize these activities, he must also involve the willing and the reluctant guests in the fun and games. A good social director should really enjoy the games and parties that are planned for the guests.

In addition to social directors, resorts employ people to supervise activities in which the resorts specialize — golf and tennis pros, or swimming, skiing and scuba diving instructors.

There are many facilities for training in the tourist industry. Many hotel companies, airlines have training programmes and courses for people who will fill both skilled and semi-skilled positions.

Tourism is an industry that is still growing rapidly. It provides people with a variety of occupations that require different kinds of skills. No matter what aspect of the industry one may work in, the final result of the effort should be a satisfied customer who remembers his trip and his holiday with pleasure.

Task 1. Find in the text answers to these questions:

1. Why is tourism labour-intensive?

2. What is a common feature of all jobs in tourism?

3. Why are language skills necessary in many jobs in tourism?

4. What is the range of language skills required in various jobs in tourism?

5. How can people working in tourism acquire the necessary experience?