Text 2. Scatter diagrams

1. Text 1 consists of four paragraphs 1-4. Which paragraphs include the following information?

A. We examine the different from the table way of presenting relations between fares and revenues.

B. Studying this table makes the comparison between real revenue and real tube fares clear.

C. The idea about the direct influence of tube fares on revenues is not conclusive.

D. By multiplying the real fare by the number of passenger kilometers we get the real tube revenue.

1. Do the following statements agree with the information given in paragraphs 2-4?

Use TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Our model of passenger use fails to identify other factors so we prefer to neglect them.

2. The rise of real tube fares explains sufficiently the reduction of passenger use of London tube.

3. The revenue increases passenger use in case real fares go up.

4. A line sloping up through crosses in Figure 2-5 indicates the period of high inflation in the given years.

5. If we only assume that other determinants remain fixed the higher fares might cause higher revenue.

1. Read paragraphs 2-4. Complete the sentences with prepositional structures from the text.

1. The years of highest real revenue (1) ________________________ years in which the real tube fare was highest.

2. (2)____________________________ that we are prepared to neglect the other factors identified in our model of passenger use and pretend that changes in real fares were the only cause of changes in us, Table 2-9 offers a clear answer.

3. Raising real tube fares reduces passenger use, but not sufficiently (3)___________________________ the fact that fares are higher.

4. All we have already discovered is that fares (4)_____________________ and passenger use did not fall sufficiently to make total revenue (5)___________________.

5. Higher real petrol prices and higher parking charges made tube revenue rise (6)_____________________ higher prices.

6. Lower prices would have captured so many commuters who abandoned their cars (7)____________________________ buses that revenue might have risen even more.

1. Look at the text again and find words which mean the same as definitions 1-6 below.

1. to continue to be in the same state or condition

2. money that a business or organization receives over a period of time especially from selling goods or services

3. to draw marks or a line to represent facts, numbers, etc.

4. to succeed in recording, showing or describing a situation using words or pictures

5. to leave a place, vehicle, etc. permanently, because of situation making it impossible to stay or use

6. to make something happen in the same way as it happened before

1. Speaking

1. Study the changes in Italian people’s savings during 2001-2009 given in Fig.1 and Fig.2. Compare them to the changes in inflation in the same period of time. What conclusion can you make? Which kind of diagram best suits your analysis?