shiveryadj.

1. pain n. – the feeling you have when part of your body hurtsas (bad, sharp, slight, severe, excruciating, throbbing) pain: My leg gives me much pain. I feel a sharp pain in my right knee.

Derivatives:

- painless – not causing pain: The operation was relatively painless.

- painful – affected with or causing pain: The neck becomes swollen and painful to the touch.

2. spasm n. – a sudden sharp pain which makes your body or part of your body shake uncontrollably for a short time, as muscle spasm: He lay on the ground, breathless and frightened, waiting for the next spasm.

3. twinge n. – a sudden but not severe pain that comes and then disappears quickly as twinge of pain/rheumatism etc: I'd had the odd twinge now and again, but my heart-attack was totally unexpected.George felt a twinge of pain in his ankle from when he had slipped on the ice.

Phrase bank:

1. aches and pains – slight feelings of pain that are not considered to be serious: Apart from the usual aches and pains, she felt all right.

2. dull ache – a continuous annoying ache: Lisa felt a dull ache spreading up her arm.

3. a splitting headache – a very bad headache: We were planning to go out last night, but Marcia had a splitting headache.

to ache vt/i

1. to be in continuous pain: His feet were aching from standing so long.

2. to want to do or have something very much as to ache for/to do: I'm aching for sleep.

Synonyms:

1. to hurt vi. – to cause or feel physical pain: The sun is hurting my eyes. My foot hurts (me) when I walk.

2. to sting vi. – to hurt with a sudden sharp pain for a short time - use this about your eyes or your skin: The smoke made our eyes sting.

3. to throb vi. – if a part of your body throbs you feel pain that seems to get stronger and weaker in a regular repeated pattern: By late afternoon my head was throbbing, and I couldn't see straight.

achy adj.: I'm feeling tired and achy.

medicine n.

1. a substance used for treating or preventing disease: Medicines should be kept out of the reach of children.

2. the science or practice of the treatment or prevention of disease as modern medicine, complementary/alternative/folk etc medicine: She studied medicine at John Hopkins University.

Phrase bank:

1. the best medicine – the best way of making you feel better than you are sad: Laughter is the best medicine.

2. to give someone a dose of their own medicine – to treat someone in the same unpleasant way that they treated others: He will understand he is mistaken the day he is given a dose of his own medicine.

3. take your medicine (like a man) – to accept an unpleasant situation or a punishment that you deserve, without complaining.

medical adj. – related to the science or practice of medicine: He is a medical student. He studies at a Medical Institute.

condition n.

1. (pl!) the situation in which people live or work (as living/working conditions): an attempt was made by the Government to improve living conditions for the working class.

2. the particular state of someone or sth (as to be in (a) good/ poor/ excellent/ terrible etc condition) After the thunderstorm our garden was in a terrible condition, quite a lot of trees were broken.

3. (pl!) all the things that affect the way sth happens: Under these conditions, the fire can be rapidly controlled.

Phrase bank:

1. to be out of /in a bad condition – to be in an unfit physical state: “I ‘m so out of condition”, she panted.

2. to be in no condition to do sth – too drunk, ill, or upset to be able to do sth: He was in no condition to travel.

3. under good/ bad/ normal etc conditions: Under normal conditions, people will usually do what requires least effort.

4. on condition that – if: I will do it on condition that you give me the time I need.

condition v. – to make sb think or behave in a certain way by influencing or training them over a period of time: People are conditioned by society.

conditional adj. – (of a clause, phrase, conjunction, or verb form) expressing a condition: conditional sentences contain “if” or its synonyms.

foot n. (pl feet)

1. the part of the leg below the ankle, on which a person stands or walks: My foot hurts.

2. a unit for measuring length, equal to 12 inches (30.48 sm): He is six feet tall, with blonde hair.

3. the lowest part of sth ( as the foot of the mountain, the foot of the tree, the foot of the page ) or the end of sth ( as the foot of the bed ): The date is shown at the foot of the page.

Antonyms: top, head (the top of the mountain, the top (head) of the page, the head of the bed): This boy is at the head/ top of his class.

Phrase bank:

1. on foot – walking rather than using a car or other transport: It takes about 30 minutes on foot, or 10 minutes by car.

2. to be on one’s feet – to feel better again after being ill and in bed: We’ll soon have you on your feet again.

3. to be/ get under one’s feet – to be/ get in one’s way: I hate summer holidays. The kids are under my feet all day long.

4. to get/start off on the right (wrong) foot – to make a good (bad) start at sth: Simon and I got off on the wrong foot, but we are good friends now.

5. to have sb/ sth at one’s feet – used to say that people admire or respect someone very much: All Paris was at his feet.

6. to have one foot in the grave – to be very old or ill

7. to put one’s feet up – to relax and rest

8. to put one’s foot down – to say very firmly what someone must do or not do: You’ll just have to put your foot down and tell him he must obey you.

9. to put one’s foot in it/ one’s mouth – to say sth that is embarrassing, or that upsets someone: I’ve really put one’s foot in one’s mouth this time. I didn’t realize that was her husband.

10. to set foot in sth – to go or enter a place: She swore she would never set foot in is house again.

11. to have two left feet – to be very clumsy

foot v. to foot the bill – to pay for something, especially something expensive that you do not want to pay for: He ordered drinks and then left me to foot the bill!

footnote n. – a piece of additional information that is not very important but is interesting or helps you understand something as a footnote to: There was an interesting footnote to the story.

to prescribe vt. – (sb sthor sth for sb) to say what medicine or treatment a sick person should have: What can you prescribe for my headache?

prescription n. – a piece of paper on which a doctor writes what medicine a sick person should have, so that they can get it from a pharmacist: a prescription for sleeping pills

Phrase bank:

1. to make up a prescription for sb (to write out a prescription) – to write what medicine a patient should have: Please call in at the chemist’s and have this prescription made up for me.

2. on prescription BrE/ by prescription AmE – a medicine that you get on prescription can only be obtained with a written order from a doctor: You can buy this tonic only on prescription.

prescribed adj. – decided by a rule: All schools must follow the prescribed curriculum.

non-prescription adj. – a non-prescription drug is one that you can buy in a shop without a written order from a doctor.

bare adj.

1. not covered by clothes, as bare feet/ legs/ shoulders, etc.: She felt the sun warm on her bare arms.

Synonym: naked – having no clothes on: Mary was shocked when she learned she would have to sit for the painter quite naked.

2. empty, without the appropriate or usual covering or contents, e.g. a bare room (with little or no furniture), bare walls (without pictures or wallpaper), bare trees (without leaves), bare facts (only facts; nothing but facts): She looked round her tiny bare room.

Cf.: a bare room (no furniture)

an empty room (no people)

a vacant room (a room in which either no one is living at present or no one is working; a room which can be occupied): After the piano was taken out, the room seemed quite bare. I thought I heard voices in the next room, but it was empty. “Won’t you look for a vacant room in which we could have a consultation? ”- “I’m told that all the rooms are occupied”.

Phrase bank:

1. barefoot adj predict, adv – with bare feet, without shoes and stockings: Children like to run barefoot.

2. bare-legged/ armed adj – with bare legs (arms): She had a bare-legged baby in her arms.

3. bare-headed adj – without a hat: It’s already too cold to go bare-headed.

4. the bare bones – the most important parts or facts of sth without any detail: We have outlined only the bare bones of the method.

5. to lay sth bare – to make known sth that was secret: historical writings which laid bare the true nature of the event

6. with your bare hands - without using a weapon or a tool: He had killed a man with his bare hands.

to refuse vt/i – to say or show that one is unwilling to do or accept sth: She refused my offer.

Synonyms:

1. to reject – to say firmly that one will not accept an offer, a suggestion, someone’s friendship, etc.: They have until December 19 to accept or reject the proposal.

2. to turn down (informal) – to reject: You’d be stupid to turn down such a good job offer.

3. to decline – to say politely that one cannot or will not accept sth: I’m sorry, but I’ll have to decline the invitation.

Note: In the meaning of sacrificing sth., parting with sth., the English verb to give up is used: He gave up the idea of going there. Roger promised to give up smoking, but he didn’t keep his promise.

Phrase bank:

1. flatly refuse/refuse point-blank (to do something) – refuse immediately and directly without giving a reason: Mom flatly refused to go back into the hospital.

refusal n. – an act of saying or showing that one will not do, accept, or allow sth: He answered her invitation with a cold refusal.

like adj. – similar in some way: They are as like as two peas.

like prep. adv.

1. similar in some way to sth or sb else: I can’t do it like you.

2. typical of a particular person or thing: It’s not like Dad to be late.

3. what is sb/sth like? Used when asking someone to describe sth or to give one’s opinion: What is he like? (= What sort of person is he?)

Cf.: What does he look like? (= What kind of appearance has he got?)

Phrase bank:

1. to look like – to have the appearance of sb/sth: It looks like gold.

Note: to act like means to do sth in the same way or in the manner of other people, e.g. She can play like a real pianist.; to act as means acting in the capacity of sb., e.g. Some of our students work as guides during the summer.

2. there’s nothing like – used to say that a particular thing is very enjoyable: There’s nothing like a nice cup of tea!

alike adj. predict. – almost exactly the same; similar: The houses in this street are alike. (Cf.: The houses in this street are like those in the next street.)

likeness n. – resemblance: I cannot see much likeness between the twins.

unlike adj. – dissimilar or different from each other: She was unlike all other girls.

unlike prep.

1. completely different from another person or thing: Unlike other girls she was not at all talkative.

2. not typical of someone: It’s unlike Judy to leave us without telling us.