Главная страница Случайная страница
КАТЕГОРИИ:
АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатикаИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханикаОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторикаСоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансыХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника
|
|
The Gerund.
| The Gerund is a non-finite form of the verb which has a verbal and a nominal character. | ||
| 1. The Gerund is formed by adding the suffix - ing to the stem of the verb, and coincides in form with Participle I. | ||
| · Playing tennis is fun. · We talked aboutgoing to Canada for our vacations. | ||
| 2. Gerunds are also called –ing forms. They are often used after No in signs. | ||
| · No Smoking. | · No Parking. | |
| 3. We can use gerunds (verb + -ing) and negative gerunds (not + verb +-ing) after: | ||
| ○ verbs: admit, avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, stop, suggest, etc. | · He admitted taking the money. · Would you consider selling the shares? · Paul enjoys not having a job. · I don’t mind waiting. | |
| ○ prepositions and prepositional phrases: against, after, before, by, because of, due to, for, in, like, of, owing to, on (upon), thanks to, on account of, to, with, without, etc. | · After swimming I felt cold. · Jane stayed awake by drinking black coffee. · He disapprovesof jogging. · I’m sorryfor keepingyou waiting. · You won’t pass the exam without doing any work. | |
| ○ conjunctions: although, instead of, in spite of, for the purpose of, with the object of, with a view to, in the event of | · Although feeling tired, David didn’t want to stop. · She watches TV instead of working. · In spite of starting late he came in time. | |
| ○ phrasal verbs (verb+ preposition): be for / against, care for, depend on, give up, hear of, insist on, keep on, put off, object to, result in, prevent from, etc. | · Theydon’t care for standing in queues. · He gave up smoking. · He put off making a decision till he had more information. · They kept on chatting. | |
| ○ adjective + preposition: be aware of, be sure of, be afraid of, be proud of, be displeased with, be famous for, be fond of, be surprised at, etc. | · Sarah isfond of doing crosswords. · You aregood at drawing. · The postman isused to walking. | |
| ○ the expressions: can’t stand (=endure), can’t help (prevent / avoid), I cannot afford It is (of) no use, It is useless, It is no good, It is not worth while, What’s the good of...? | · I cannot help thinking about it. · It is worth while reading this book. · It’s no use waiting for him. · What’s the good of complaining? | |
| 4. We can use gerunds in clauses with objects, prepositional phrases and adverbs. | ||
| ○ clauses with direct objects | · He denied taking the money. · I don’t like interrupting people. | |
| ○ clauses with adverbs and prepositional phrases | · They recommended washing silk shirts gentlyincold water. · He didn’t succeed in taking things easily. · I don’t like the idea of Mary going home alone. | |
| 5. Before gerunds we can use nouns (Tom, the woman, they, etc.) or object pronouns (him, her, them, etc.), but possessive nouns and determiners (Tom’s / his, her, their, etc.) can also be used, typically in formal situations. Such combination of a nominal element expressed by a noun or pronoun with a verbal element expressed by the gerund in predicate relation to the nominal element is called a predicative construction with the gerund. | ||
| · I can’t recall Tom / Tom’s visiting us. · We listened to them / their arguing all night. |
Данная страница нарушает авторские права?