VII. Put the verbs into the correct tense form.

1. In the last decade the Internet (to grow) at a surprising rate.

2. With the help of the Web you (to be able) to get access to different information resources.

3. Getting access to different sites (to be) done with the help of a special programme known as “browser”.

4. In a few years Internet-enabled TV sets (to be) used extensively.

5. What type of cables (to be) telecommunication systems connected with?

VIII. Fill in the blanks with the following words and word-combinations: exchange textual and graphical information; worldwide communications; be connected via; dish aerial; single integrated network; get access; up-to-date information; smart-card.

1. Computers are connected by means of a modem to ordinary telephone lines or fibre-optic cables, which are linked to a…

2. The next generation of Internet-enabled televisions will incorporate a … for home shopping, banking and other interactive services.

3. Internet Video conferencing programs enable users to talk to and see each other, …, and collaborate.

4. Networks on different continents can also … satellites.

5. For long-distance or … computers are usually connected into a wide area network to form a…

6. The Web is one of the best resources for…

7. With a few touches at a keyboard a person can … to materials in almost everywhere.

IX. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1. The Internet is a magnificent global network with millions and millions of computers and people connected to one another where each day people worldwide exchange an immeasurable amount of information, electronic mail, news, resources and, more important, ideas.

2. Hypertext is the text that contains links to other documents.

3. Internet Video conferencing programs enable users to talk to and see each other, exchange textual and graphical information, and collaborate.

4. The next generation of Internet-enabled televisions will incorporate a smart-card for home shopping, banking and other interactive services.

5. Computers are connected by means of a modem to ordinary telephone lines or fibre-optic cables, which are linked to a dish aerial.

X. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Майже всі про нього чули та користується ним усе більша кількість людей.

2. Мережа є одним із найкращих джерел інформації.

3. Мережа базується на системі гіпертекстів, за допомогою якої можна мандрувати у мережі.

4. Інтернет являє собою чудовий приклад глобальної мережі.

5. Комп’ютери з’єднуються за допомогою модему з телефонними дротами чи оптико-волокнистими дротами, які, в свою чергу, підключаються до параболічних антен.

XI. Give the summary of the text in the exercise I using the following phrases-cliché:

The text deals with the problem of …

The subject-matter of the text is …

The most important questions touched upon in this text are …

It is specially noted that …

The text (information) is of great help (interest) to …

The most essential point is …

The author is (is not) right in saying that …

The author’s point of view is …

The text gives a detailed analysis of …

As the title implies, the text describes …

In the end we come to the conclusion …

I can conclude by saying …

As a final point, I’d like to note (say) …

To sum up, I can say …

XII. Which of the Internet systems (1-6) would you use to do the tasks (a-f)?

XIII. Read the information and find words and phrases with the following meanings:

1. a system used to distribute email to many different subscribers at once;

2. a program used for displaying web pages;

3. to connect to a computer by typing your username and password;

4. a series of interrelated messages on a given topic;

5. a program for reading Usenet newsgroups.

Email

Email lets you exchange messages with people all over the world. Optional attached files can include text, pictures and even audio and animation. A mailing list uses email to communicate messages to all its subscribers – that is, everyone that belongs to the list.

Which email program is the best?

Outlook Express is a popular program, but many users use web-based email accounts such as Hotmail.

The Web

The Web consists of billions of documents living on web servers that use the HTTP protocol. You navigate through the Web using a program called a web browser, which lets you search, view and print web pages.

How often are web pages updated?

It depends entirely on the page. Some are updated thousands of times a day.

Chat and Instant Messaging (IM)

Chat and Instant Messaging technologies allow you to have real-time conversations online, by typing messages at the keyboard.

FTP

FTP, or file transfer protocol, is used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network. Nowadays, this feature is built into Web browsers. You can download programs, games and music files from a remote computer to your hard drive.

Telnet

Telnet is a protocol and a program used to log onto remote computer systems. It enables you to enter commands that will be executed as if you were entering them directly on the remote server.

Newsgroups

Newsgroups are the public discussion areas which make up a system called Usenet. The contents are contributed by people who post articles or respond to articles, creating chains of related postings called message threads. You need a newsreader to subscribe to newsgroups and to read and post messages. The newsreader may be a stand-alone program or part of a web browser.

How many newsgroups are there?

There are approximately 30, 000 active newsgroups.

Where can you find newsgroups?

Your newsreader may allow you to download the newsgroup addresses that your ISP has included on its news server. An alternative to using a newsreader is to visit web forums instead, which perform the same function but without the additional software.

XIV. Read the text about email features and find the following:

1. the place where your ISP stores your emails;

2. the type of program used to read and send email from a computer;

3. the part of an email address that identifies the user of the service;

4. the line that describes the content of an email;

5. the computer file which is sent along with an email message;

6. facial symbols used to indicate an emotion or attitude;

7. the name given to junk mail.

When you set up an account with the Internet Service Provider, you are given an email address and a password. The mail you receive is stored on the email server of your ISP – in a simulated mailbox – until you next connect and download it your hard drive.

You can make the message more expressive by including emoticons, also called smileys. For example,;) for wink,: -) for happy,: -0 for surprised,: -D for laughing, etc. You may also like to add a signature file, a pre-written text file appended to the end of the message. The name given to unsolicited email messages is spam.

XV. Study the anatomy of an email and Celia’s email below, write a reply to it.

Part 3 Surfing the Internet

Exercises to the subject:

I. Look at the screenshot of a typical web page. How many of the features (a-k) can you say in English?

II. Read the text about a typical webpage and answer the following questions:

1. What does ‘URL’ mean? What is it?

2. What does ‘http’ mean? What does it do?

3. What does ‘www’ mean?

4. What is ‘domain name’?

5. What does the ‘toolbar’ show?

6. What do ‘tab buttons’ let you do?

7. What are ‘hyperlinks’? What do they do?

At the top of the page is the URL address. URL means Uniform Resource Locator – the address of a file on the Internet. A typical URL looks like this: https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/.

In this URL, https:// means Hypertext Transfer Protocol and tells the program to look for a web page. www means world wide web. bbc.co.uk is the domain name of the server that hosts the website – a company based in the UK; other top-level domains are.com (commercial site),.edu (education),.org (organization) or.net (network), radio is the directory path where the web page is located. The parts of the URL are separated by.(dot), /(slash) and: (colon). Some sites begin ftp: //, a file transfer protocol used to copy files from one computer to another.

The toolbar shows all the navigation icons, which let you go back one page or go forward one page. You can also go to the home page or stop the current transfer when the circuits are busy.

Tab buttons let you view different sites at the same time, and the built-in search box helps you look for information. If the feed button lights up, it means the site offers RSS feeds, so you can automatically receive updates. When a web page won’t load, you can refresh the current page, meaning the page reloads (downloads again). If you want to mark a website address so that you can easily revisit the page at a later time, you can add it to your favourites (favorites in American English), or bookmark it. When you want to visit it again you simply click show favourites.

On the web page itself, most sites feature clickable image links and clickable hypertext links. Together, these are known as hyperlinks and take you to other web pages when clicked.

III. Read the article and find websites for the following tasks:

1. to search for information on the web;

2. to buy books and DVDs;

3. to participate in political campaigns;

4. to view and exchange video clips;

5. to manage and share personal photos using tags;

6. to buy and sell personal items in online auctions;

7. to download music and movies, sometimes illegally.

The Internet isn’t just about email or the Web anymore. Increasingly, people online are taking the power of the Internet back into their own hands. They’re posting opinions on online journals – weblogs, or blogs; they are organizing political rallies on MoveOn.org; they are trading songs on illegal file sharing networks; they are volunteering articles for the online encyclopedia Wikipedia; and they are collaborating with other programmers around the world. It’s the emergence of the ‘Power of Us’. Thanks to new technologies such as blog software, peer-to-peer networks, open-source software, and wikis, people are getting together to take collective action like never before.

eBay, for instance, wouldn’t exist without the 61 million active members who list, sell, and buy millions of items a week. But less obvious is that the whole marketplace runs on the trust created by eBay’s unique feedback system, by which buyers and sellers rate each other on how well they carried out their half of each transaction.

Pioneer e-tailer Amazon encourages all kinds of customer participation in the site – including the ability to sell items alongside its own books, CDs, DVDs and electronic goods. MySpace and Facebook are the latest phenomena in social networking, attracting millions of unique visitors a month. Many are music fans, who can blog, email friends, upload photos, and generally socialize. There’s even a 3-D virtual world entirely built and owned by its residents, called Second Life, where real companies have opened shops, and pop stars such as U2 have performed concerts.

Some sites are much more specialized, such as the photo-sharing site Flickr. There, people not only share photos but also take the time to attach tags to their pictures, which help everyone else find photos of, for example, Florence, Italy. Another successful exmple of a site based on user-generated content is YouTube, which allows users to upload, view and share movie clips and music videos, as well as amateur videoblogs. Another example of the collective power of the Internet is the Google search engine. Its mathematical formulas surf the combined judgements of millions of people whose websites link to other sites. When you type ‘Justin Timberlake’ into Google’s search box and go to the star’s official website, the site is listed first because more people are telling you it’s the most relevant Justin Timberlake site – which it probably is.

Skype on the surface looks like software that lets you make free phone calls over the Internet – which it does. But the way it works is extremely clever. By using Skype, you’re automatically contributing some of your PC’s computing power and Internet connection to route other people’s calls. It’s an extension of the peer-to-peer network software such as BitTorrent that allow you to swap songs – at your own risk if those songs are under copyright. BitTorrent is a protocol for transferring music, films, games and podcasts. A podcast is an audio recording posted online. Podcasting derives from the words iPod and broadcasting. You can find podcasts about almost any topic – sports, music, politics, etc. They are distributed through RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds which allow you to receive up-to-date information without having to check the site for updates. BitTorrent breaks the files into small pieces, known as chunks, and distributes them among a large number of users, when you download a torrent, you are also uploading it to another use.

IV. Read the upper article again and match the sentence beginnings (1-5) with the correct endings (a-e).

V. Find words in the article (ex. IV) with the following meanings:

1. open-source, editable web pages;

2. the same as electronic retailer, or online store;

3. a blog that includes video;

4. a program that allows you to make voice and video calls from a computer;

5. an audio broadcast distributed over the Internet.

VI. What do you use the Web for? Discuss these questions and give reasons for your answers.

1. What is your favourite search engine to find information on the Web? Why?

2. Do you download music or video clips from the Web? Do you pay for them?

3. Do you buy things online? Is it better to buy online or go to a shop?

4. Do you listen to the radio or watch TV online?

5. Do you use the Web to do college assignments or projects? How?

VII. Finding good Websites is sometimes difficult because there are so many of them out there. What Website would you recommend for each of these situations?

- an online dictionary to help you find definitions and sample sentences;

- a service that allows you to create online photo albums of your pictures;

- an online directory of newspapers from around the world in English;

- a service that allows to make your own Webpage.