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GRAMMAR: The Gerund – Герундій
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1. The gerund has the following forms:
| Active | Passive | |
| Simple | writing | being written |
| Perfect | having written | having been written |
2. We use the gerund:
* as the subject of a sentence: Exporting will be our main objective next year.
* as the object of a sentence: I've always enjoyed reading.
* after certain verbs:
| admit, mind, appreciate, avoid, consider, can't stand, can't help, delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, involve, postpone, propose, risk, stop, suggest |
The manager proposed changing the name of the company.
• after prepositions:
| after, before, by, when, while, without |
The company launched this product without doing the necessary research.
• after verbs and expressions followed by prepositions:
| be interested in, be good at, be fond of, be for / against, be used to, instead of, feel like, think of / about, look forward to, succeed in, approve of, insist on, object to |
I'm interestedin learning more about this technology.
• after expressions like: it's no use, it's not worth, it's no good: Nouse asking him. He won't tell the truth.
Ex.1. Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund form. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
1 Stop............... (argue) and start............... (work). 2 The boss is against............... (make) any complaints. 3 I’m thinking of............... (retire) and............... (go) to Canada. 4 If he puts his money into that business he risks............... (lose) everything. 5 If a thing is worth............... (do) at all it is worth............... (do) well. 6 He hates............... (borrow) money. 7 I can't stand their (waste) so much time. 8 I thanked him for............... (solve) the problem quickly. 9 I suggest............... (postpone) the meeting. 10 It's no good............... (complain). Nothing can be done. 11 I can't help............... (think) about the interview. 12 We avoid............... (keep) late hours. Our working day begins very early. 13 The secretary admitted............... (steal) the money. 14 I believe he’s capable of............... (solve) this problem.
Ex.2. Finish these sentences using a gerund:
1 My favourite activity is.........................................................................................
2 He can't stand........................................................................................
3 He is good at.....................................................................................................
4 Some people just can't help.....................................................................................................
5 We are used to.....................................................................................................
6 I’m interested in.....................................................................................................
7 This company is worth.....................................................................................................
8 The customer wants to know who was responsible for................................................................................
9 I feel like.....................................................................................................
10 He admitted.....................................................................................................
11 I’m thinking of.....................................................................................................
12........................................................................................ was the key to the company's success.
13 It's no use.....................................................................................................
14 Avoid....................................................................................................................
Ex.3. Complete these sentences using the gerund form of one of the verbs below:
| give, get, make, have, lose, help, work, discuss, get, worry, meet, analyse, cry, buy, reduce |
1 He is interested in............... the shares of this company. 2 It's no use............... over spilt milk. 3 This job involves............... our international transactions. 4 We are looking forward to............... the new Sales Manager. 5 It isn't worth............... about it. 6 You risk............... bad results. 7 As we don't agree about company policy we avoid............... this subject. 8 We don't mind............... overtime, if it helps the company. 9 You mustn't insist on............... him. He doesn't want it. 10 By delaying we risk............... this contract. 11 I can't imagine not............... a computer in my office. 12 He apologized for …............ this serious mistake. 13 He is very pleased with............... the job he wanted. 14 It's no good............... her advice - she never listens. 15 Overstaffing should be solved by............... the workforce.