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Memorize the following vocabulary units.
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buoyancy, fixed aerodynamic surfaces, propulsion, performance, hypersonic, jet fighter, fuel, refueling, straight wing, sweep wing, subsonic, transonic, supersonic
2. Transcribe the words:
aircraft, airplane, buoyancy, aerodynamic, propulsion, hypersonic, altitude, design
3. Match the words from the texts (1-5) with their synonyms (A-E):
| speed | A | sailplane | |
| buoyancy | B | productivity | |
| glider | C | velocity | |
| performance | D | carrying capacity | |
| maneuverable | E | easy-to-handle |
4. Match the words from the texts (1-10) with the definitions (A-J):
| craft | A | pushing forwards | |
| altitude | B | a type of aircraft which derives both lift and propulsion from one or two sets of horizontally revolving overhead rotors | |
| lift | C | spaceship | |
| propulsion | D | the capabilities of a machine, product, or vehicle | |
| helicopter | E | a rigid horizontal structure that projects from both sides of an aircraft and supports it in the air | |
| performance | F | upward force exerted by the air on an aerofoil or other structure | |
| wing | G | rapidity of movement or action | |
| speed | H | material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power | |
| fuel | I | a fast military aircraft designed for attacking other aircraft | |
| fighter | J | the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level |
5. Explain in English and translate the words and expressions into Russian:
airplane, aircraft, propulsion, regimes of flight, hypersonic speed, sound barrier, passenger airplane
6. Complete the text with the words from the box
| fixed | shape | engines | pressure |
| wings | surface | propeller. | forward |
| blades | air | nose | steer |
An airplane is a heavier-than-air craft with (1) wings (that is, wings that don’t move) and one or more (2). In many airplanes, the engine turns a (3). Propellers are found mostly on a plane’s (4) or (5). The propeller is made of several (6) around a center, or hub. The front (7) of each blade is rounded. It has an airfoil (8). As the propeller rotates, it causes (9) to move faster in front of the blades than behind them. The air (10), then, is lower in front than in back. This difference pulls the propeller (11). The airplane is pulled forward, too. But there’s more to flying than moving forward. An airplane pilot also needs to (12) the craft. For this, the plane has “control surfaces.” These are moveable flaps on the plane’s wings and tail.
7. Find in the texts the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:
(1) vehicle, (2) motor, (3) power plant, (4) rotor plane, (5) airfoil, (6) tempo, (7) supersonic Mach number, (8) hypersonic velocity, (9) efficiency
8. Answer the following questions. Begin your answers with such introductory phrases as: as far as I know; as far as I remember; to my mind; certainly; it's hard to tell; probably; of course; if I am not mistaken, etc.
1) Is every aircraft an airplane? Why?
2) Why are there so many different types of airplanes?
3) What are four basic wing types?
4) What are the speed classifications?
5) What does the term Mach mean?
6) What purposes are airplanes designed for?
7) Can you compare the performances of passenger airplanes and jet fighters?