The history of oil industry in Western Kazakhstan.

Oil industry in Western Kazakhstan

Almaty, 2012

Prepared by: Adalbayev

Aituar, Esina Diana, Samalbek Meirzhan, Asangaliyeva Dinara, Aliaskar Dinara

Group: ITM-121

Checked by: Professor Kolbay I.S.

Almaty, 2012

Contents

Oil industry in Western Kazakhstan

1. History 3

2. Oil effects on the environment 3

3. Perspectives 4

4. The main consequences 5

5. Conclusion 6

The history of oil industry in Western Kazakhstan.

Oil is a nurse, pride, cause of wars and intrigues and the main guide of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan oil has rich 110-year history, successor’s title of which is proudly carried by JSC NC “KazMunayGas”.This year Kazakhstan has a lot of reasons to celebrate: the 100th anniversary of the oilfield Dossor, the 50th anniversary of the Mangyshlak petroleum and the 25th anniversary of the oilfield Kumkol.In November 1899, in Karashungul the first oil fountain began the history of Kazakhstan petroleum. In April 1911, in Dossor new oil fields of very high quality were discovered and it caused a worldwide craze. Two years later, in the Guriev region the field Makat was opened. By 1914, Makat and Dossor produced over 200 thousand tons of oil. In 1917 in Russia after the October Revolution is nationalized all industries. In 1922 he created the trust " Embaneft" and shall form oilfields Ural-Emba district.

2. Effects of oil on the Environment

Extract oil began in the late nineteenth century, in 1880. Environmental impact of the oil shale industry includes the consideration of issues such as land use, waste management, and water and air pollution caused by the extraction and processing of oil shale. Surface mining of oil shale deposits causes the usual environmental impacts of open-pit mining. In addition, the combustion and thermal processing generate waste material, which must be disposed of, and harmful atmospheric emissions, including carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Experimental in-situ conversion processes and carbon capture and storage technologies may reduce some of these concerns in future, but may raise others, such as the pollution of groundwater. Currently it covers fuel oil more than sixty percent of the energy needs of the world.

Environmental pollution occurs in different situations. Oil spills in its immediate extraction, followed by transportation, combustion as a finished fuel, when used as a lubricant. The fact is that the hydrosphere of the planet is an extremely complex system, in which a number of separate interconnected areas, which are the biochemical balance. Entering the water, the oil gives the hydrosphere, poisoning the water, birds, fish and mammals.

Oil spills kill fish and destroy wildlife habitat and breeding.