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History of relations






The history of the relationship between Britain and Russia is longer and richer than many realise. In the eleventh century Vladimir Monomakh married the daughter of Harold II of England. But as a consequence of the Tatar yoke Russia and England were cut off from each other for centuries. It was not until the sixteenth century that the first continuous links began, which were founded on trade. In 1553 Richard Chancellor led a semi-official Embassy to Moscow, where they were greeted by Tsar Ivan IV. Two years later the first Russian ambassador was received in London.

Some Britons moved to Russia to pursue professions as merchants in Moscow and established themselves in the Old English Court, which is still standing today.

Tsar Peter the Great developed these links. His wish to acquire ship-building expertise led to a four-month stay in London in 1698.

Alexander I visited London in 1814, the first Russian Tsar to do so since Peter the Great.

There was substantial British investment in Russian oil wells, mines and railways: the first Russian locomotives were built with the help of British engineers. By 1900 there were about 3000 Britons in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The 1917 revolution and subsequent Civil War and Intervention disrupted the relationship. But once again trade led both sides to mend fences quickly.

Between Britain and Russia possibilities of a partnership became visible in the new relationship which Mikhail Gorbachev struck up with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1984. Their rapport introduced a new warmth into relations between Britain and Russia which was continued under their successors.

Dynastic links between the British and Russian royal families can be traced back for over a thousand years, to Grand Prince Rurik of Novgorod, the ninth century founder of the Russian monarchy.

One of his descendants, Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (1019-1054) made various marriage alliances with other royal houses. His daughter Anne married King Henry I of France, whose direct line passed to the Plantagenet rulers of England through the marriage of Isabelle, daughter of king Philip IV the Fair, to King Edward II.

It is also held by tradition that Prince Yuri Dolgoruki, the founder of Moscow, was a grandson of King Harold II of England, who died at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

Through his paternal line, King George V was the first cousin of Empress Alexandra. Through his maternal line, King George V was also the first cousin to the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II. The physical resemblance between Nicolas II and George V was so strong that they were sometimes mistaken for one another.

[“Moscow News”, 2002]

 

 

Задания к тексту III.

 

I. Определите, являются ли утверждения:

1. In the eleventh century Vladimir Monomakh married the daughter of Harold II of England. 2. Alexander I visited London in 1824, the first Russian Tsar to do so since Peter the Great. 3. Peter the Great founded the Senate. 4. It is also held by tradition that Prince Yuri Dolgoruki, the founder of Moscow, was a grandson of King Harold II of England, who died at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.     а) ложными; б) истинными; в) в тексте нет информации.

 

 

II. Определите в тексте те абзацы, в которых говорится о династических связях между монархами Великобритании и России.

 

III. Ответьте на вопрос.

What events disrupted the relation between Britain and Russia? a) the visit of Alexander I; b) the foundation of the Russian monarchy: c) the 1917 revolution and subsequent Civil War and Intervention.

 

 

IV. Определите основную идею текста.

a) The history of the relationship between Britain and Russia is long and rich.

b) There were substantial British investment in Russian railways.

c) Prince Yuri Dolgoruki was a grandson of King Harold II of England.

d) The physical resemblance between Nicolas II and George V was so strong that they were sometimes mistaken for one another.

 

 

Ключи:

I. 1 – истинное;

2 – ложное;

3 – в тексте нет информации;

4 – истинное.

II. 8, 9, 10, 11.

III. c.

IV. a.

 

TEXT 4


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