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Chemical properties of oxides
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| Basic oxides | Acid oxides |
| 1. Interaction with water | |
| Base formed: Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 | Acid formed: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4 |
| 2. Interaction with acid or base | |
| On reactions with acid salt and water are formed tоС MgO + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O tоС CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O | On reactions with base salt and water are formed CO2 + Ba(OH)2 → BaCO3 + H2O SO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O |
| Amphoteric oxides interact | |
| with acids as basic: ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O | with bases as acid: ZnO + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2O (ZnO + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2[Zn(OH)4]) |
| 3. Interaction of basic and acid oxide with each other leads to salt formation | |
| Na2O + CO2 → Na2CO3 | |
| 4. Reduction up to simple substances: | |
| 3CuO + 2NH3 → 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O P2O5 + 5C → 2P + 5CO |
6 – сұ рақ
Bases - complex substances, in which atoms of metals bonded with one or several hydroxyls groups (according to electrolytic dissociation theory bases - complex substances, which under the dissociating in water solution are formed metal cations (or NH4+) and hydroxide anions OH-)
Preparation of bases
1. Reactions of active metals (alkaline and alkaline earth metals) with water
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2
2. Interaction oxides of active metals with water
BaO + H2O → Ba(OH)2
3. Electrolysis water solutions of salts
2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
Chemical properties of bases
Alkalis Insoluble bases
1. Action to indicators ––
litmus - blue
methylorange - yellow
phenolphthalein – crimson
2. Interaction with acid oxides
2KOH + CO2 → K2CO3 + H2O ––
KOH + CO2 → KHCO3
3. Interaction with acids (reaction of neutralization)
NaOH + HNO3 → NaNO3 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + 2H2O
4. Reaction of exchange with salts
Ba(OH)2 + K2SO4 → 2KOH + BaSO4↓
3KOH + Fe(NO3)3 → Fe(OH)3↓ + 3KNO 3 ––
5. Thermal decomposition
–– tоС
Cu(OH)2 → CuO + H2O
Surak
SALTS
| medium | acidic | basic | double | mixed | complex |
| In the time of dissociation give only metal cations (or NH4+) and anions of acid radical. Products of full substitution hydrogen atoms of acids to atoms of metals. Ex.: Na2SO4 | In the time of dissociation give only metal cations (or NH4+), hydrogen anions and anions of acid radical. Products of full substitution hydrogen atoms of multibasic acid to atoms of metal. Ex.: NaHCO3 | In the time of dissociation give only metal cations, hydroxyl anions and anions of acid radical. Products of incomplete substitution OH groups, corresponding bases to acid radicals Ex.: Mg(OH)Cl | In the time of dissociation gives two cations and one anion. Ex.: KAl(SO4)2 | Formed by means of one cation and two anions. Ex.: CaOCl2 | Contain complex cations or anions Ex.: [Ag(NH3)2]Br Na[Ag(CN)2] |
Theme: Salts. Preparation and chemical properties.
Medium salts