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Chemical properties of oxides






 

Basic oxides Acid oxides
1. Interaction with water
Base formed: Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 Acid formed: SO3 + H2O → H2SO4 P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4
2. Interaction with acid or base
On reactions with acid salt and water are formed tоС MgO + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O tоС CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O On reactions with base salt and water are formed   CO2 + Ba(OH)2 → BaCO3 + H2O SO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O  
Amphoteric oxides interact
with acids as basic: ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2O with bases as acid: ZnO + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2O (ZnO + 2NaOH + H2O → Na2[Zn(OH)4])
3. Interaction of basic and acid oxide with each other leads to salt formation
Na2O + CO2 → Na2CO3
4. Reduction up to simple substances:
3CuO + 2NH3 → 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O P2O5 + 5C → 2P + 5CO

 

6 – сұ рақ

Bases - complex substances, in which atoms of metals bonded with one or several hydroxyls groups (according to electrolytic dissociation theory bases - complex substances, which under the dissociating in water solution are formed metal cations (or NH4+) and hydroxide anions OH-)

Preparation of bases

1. Reactions of active metals (alkaline and alkaline earth metals) with water

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2

2. Interaction oxides of active metals with water

BaO + H2O → Ba(OH)2

3. Electrolysis water solutions of salts

2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2

Chemical properties of bases

Alkalis Insoluble bases

1. Action to indicators ––

litmus - blue

methylorange - yellow

phenolphthalein – crimson

2. Interaction with acid oxides

2KOH + CO2 → K2CO3 + H2O ––

KOH + CO2 → KHCO3

3. Interaction with acids (reaction of neutralization)

NaOH + HNO3 → NaNO3 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + 2H2O

4. Reaction of exchange with salts

Ba(OH)2 + K2SO4 → 2KOH + BaSO4↓

3KOH + Fe(NO3)3 → Fe(OH)3↓ + 3KNO 3 ––

5. Thermal decomposition

–– tоС

Cu(OH)2 → CuO + H2O

Surak

SALTS

 


medium acidic basic double mixed complex
In the time of dissociation give only metal cations (or NH4+) and anions of acid radical. Products of full substitution hydrogen atoms of acids to atoms of metals. Ex.: Na2SO4 In the time of dissociation give only metal cations (or NH4+), hydrogen anions and anions of acid radical. Products of full substitution hydrogen atoms of multibasic acid to atoms of metal. Ex.: NaHCO3 In the time of dissociation give only metal cations, hydroxyl anions and anions of acid radical. Products of incomplete substitution OH groups, corresponding bases to acid radicals Ex.: Mg(OH)Cl In the time of dissociation gives two cations and one anion. Ex.: KAl(SO4)2 Formed by means of one cation and two anions. Ex.: CaOCl2 Contain complex cations or anions Ex.: [Ag(NH3)2]Br Na[Ag(CN)2]

Theme: Salts. Preparation and chemical properties.

 

Medium salts


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