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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds






For molecules having alkyl groups or other simple substituents attached to the benzene ring benzene is used as the parent name and the attached groups are named in alphabetical order before it.

 

If more than one substituent is attached to the benzene ring, their locations are specified by numbers. The lowest possible numbers are used and the substituents are named in alphabetical order.

When only two substituents are present the prefixes ortho-, meta- and para are used in place of 1, 2-, 1, 3- and 1, 4- respectively.

Ortho-, meta- and para- are generally abbreviated to o-, m- and p- in most cases.

 

Benzene and derivatives of benzene

 

Benzene derivatives have from one to six substituents attached to the central benzene core. Examples of benzene compounds with just one substituent are phenol, which carries a hydroxyl group, and toluene with a methyl group. When there is more than one substituent present on the ring, their spatial relationship becomes important for which the arene substitution patterns ortho, meta, and para are devised. For example, three isomers exist for cresol because the methyl group and the hydroxyl group can be placed next to each other (ortho), one position removed from each other (meta), or two positions removed from each other (para). Xylenol has two methyl groups in addition to the hydroxyl group, and, for this structure, 6 isomers exist.


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