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Match the two parts of the sentences.
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| 1. Evaporation is to be completed. No, actually … | a) a notable odor may accompany the presence of a refinery. |
| 2. Vanadium steel is harder in the red-hot state than when it is cold, therefore… | b) it would be reasonable to improve technological processes. |
| 3. Natural glass is fragile, whereas… | c) national economic benefit. |
| 4. Lithium has come into use quite recently as far as … | d) alternative ones are being actively developed in many countries nowadays. |
| 5. Oil and gas still remain the most common energy resources in the fuel and energy sector, however … | e) many years after its discovery it was a useless curiosity. |
| 6. Waste treatment plants may cost more than the production technology itself, hence … | f) quenched glass is much more stronger. |
| 7. Trapping and recuperation of useful products in smoke emissions have sanitary and ecological as well as … | g) this new modification turned out to have some by-effects. |
| 8. The refining process can cause many different chemicals to be released into the atmosphere, consequently… | h) it is used in manufacture of rail-tracks and some other applications where friction generates heat. |
| 9. Our partners improved the unit, however… | i) some minutes left. |
7. Fill in the gaps using words/phrases from the list. Some words/phrases can be used more than once.
| additionally, because of, as well, however (2), moreover, but (2), thereby, in particular, that’s why, since (2) despite the fact that, consequently, thus, although (2), on the other hand |
a) For many years after its discovery in 1817 lithium was a useless curiosity 1 its exceptive properties, 2 it has come into use quite recently.
b) 3 cesium is very active a small amount of it is enough to bring about good result and 4 Cs is a rare metal, it has many important uses.
c) 5 diesel is identical to heating oil, used in central heating, in both Europe and the United States taxes on diesel fuel are higher than on heating oil.
d) Food-grade paraffin wax is used in some candies to make them look shiny. 6 it is edible, 7 nondigestible, it passes right through the body without being broken down.
e) It might seem odd that fuels with higher octane ratings are used in more powerful engines, 8 such fuels ignite less easily. 9 many high-performance engines are designed to operate with a high maximum compression, and thus demand high-octane premium gasoline. 10, an uncontrolled ignition is not desired in a spark ignition engine.
d) The ban on leaded gasoline resulted in lower levels of lead in the environment and 12 in human organism as well. 13, a n unexpected effect of the removal of lead was the effect on engines; 14 a side effect of the lead additives was protection of the valve seats from erosion, 15 many classic car's engines needed modification to use lead-free fuels.
e) The processing of natural gas involves removal of propane and butane from the natural gas to prevent condensation of these liquids in natural gas pipelines. 16 propane is not produced for its own sake, 17 as a byproduct of two other processes: natural gas processing and petroleum refining. 18, oil refineries produce some propane as a by-product of production of gasoline or heating oil.