:
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3
, (17591794) 565.
() 265, 337, 340.
626.
204.
, (1741 1802) 604.
, (18091882) 510, 520, 535, 565, 604606, 649650.
649650.
ó, (558486 ..) 24, 37, 39, 61, 195, 495.
34.
" , " () 39 (.).
344374.
264.
" " 470471, 474, 488.
" " , - 384, 455.
-³ 476.
336.
( ), 458.
' 45, 719729.
179, 661, 689;
456, 457;
34, 187;
16 (.), 46, 63, 206, 236;
472;
175178;
38, 690;
ϳ 37;
690.
, ' (. 599)
329.
601. 166. ,
(15961650) 44, 236, 400, 450,
466475, 477, 487, 577;
305;
489;
43, 450, 469;
355, 474, 477, 487, 489, 537, 576, 694;
. 458, 467, 472, 475, 497;
305;
440, 468;
537, 586, 694;
cogito 305; 472;
. - 468;
504, 509, 535;
. ( ) 472, 473, 474;
440, 469, 470, 475;
71, 474;
487, 494;
' 416, 471, 585, 586;
471473, 475, 509;
Գ 586;
441;
472, 473. " " 44, 522. " " 645. 199.
49.
,
(IV . ..) 39. 107, 174, 437, 458, 477;
170, 171;
. 170;
602, 697;
. 21, 57, 73, 170;
674;
. 101, 641;
593, 648, 649;
536, 593;
498;
526, 527;
237;
575, 579, 583, 584;
379, 398, 411, 418;
414;
93 (.), 96;
477;
. 101, 414, 519;
399, 407.
, 66, 68, 7174, 77, 186, 213, 222, 224, 455.
183;
455;
212, 213, 216;
186;
450, 689;
ͳ 634;
71, 453;
224;
67.
, 60, 222, 275, 307. 161, 283, 286, 414, 465, 466, 525535, 584, 606, 619, 650;
465466;
. 288, 289;
145, 165174;
. 62;
. 246, 617;
587; 616619;
457466;
. 501;
82;
. 583;
525535;
203;
457;
654;
ͳ 641;
283;
. 331;
101, 102111, 168, 169;
399, 440, 468;
17, 29, 32, 39, 210, 211, 228, 229;
579584;
83, 84, 85;
91, 92, 93;
. 101, 161;
641642;
d,
593;
Գ 587;
. 284, 286;
468, 585;
. 271, 312; . , .
" " () 78, 96, 99, 102122, 131, 155, 219, 251;
" " 111 113;
" ". 113, 114, 119. " " () 425428,
633.
237;
332;
9193, 99. 267, 268, 278. 258, 459, 460, 495;
- 68;
644645;
664665;
474;
495;
258;
㳿 460, 644;
477;
222, 233235; 193;
337.
³,
(18421910) 631, 658,
666, 674681, 692, 694;
666;
283, 677679, 680, 681;
115, 678681;
674679.
, , ³ 674. , 342.
41, 102, 174, 674.
, 3- (17431826) 44 (.), 277.
, (18771946) 44, 683.
, (13401399), Ͳ 407, 410.
, (15731637) 458.
, (17091784) 565.
, -, - (18171893) 122 (.).
" " ( ) 319.
26, 573574, 578.
, 41, 174, 519.
446447, 448, 449;
49, 214, 669, 670, 685;
446, 449, 452, 487, 497. 669. 72. ij, 89
90, 117, 355, 370, 372, 373, 609610, 611.
, d 8990, 117;
( ) 611;
d 355, 370, 372;
609610. ij 312, 652,
653. ij
89;
324;
422;
78, 8289, 102, 108, 122, 123, 131, 134, 135, 186, 207, 421.
" ij ó Գ" ()
541547. " ij " ()
551.
ij 17. ij 278. ij, 289, 292, 294,
296, 306, 314.
" ij stoa" () 226 (.). ij 573. ij 151, 153. " ij " 279;
85 (.) 374. ij, (IV .
..) 38, 200. ij 272. " ij " () 196 (.), 200
(.).
ij , (III .)
67, 211, 225.
ij , --
(IV . ..) 40. ij, - (II .)
232.
ij ѳ, ( . ..) 38, 200.
ij , (155 240) 227.
ij ( ), (245313) 240, 248, 315.
ij 25, 30, 32, 40, 49.
ij , ( .) 344.
ij-, ('367356, 347344 ..) 100, 114.
ij 76.
ij () 315.
ij 550, 554, 559, 561.
50, 125, 160161, 401, 573, 574, 592, 634;
156, 160161, 163;
㳿 404;
204, 205;
. 280;
100, 110, 117, 120121;
248, 251252. 165, 234. 䳿 418. () 26, 159, 170,
203, 259, 267, 512;
310, 311;
155160, 161, 163, 170, 173;
160161;
591592;
88, 203, 204;
427, 429, 430;
573;
ͳ 634;
, 111;
88, 159, 223224, 230, 234;
267, 273. . . 440, 458, 459.
(. ) 310
(.). , 33, 75, 213,
415, 506, 551, 587, 694. 206. 45, 355, 386,
474, 489492, 508, 534, 591, 691; .
. 281.
. ;
281. 22, 224.
, , (1170
1221) 381. 383, 384, 385,
386, 392, 407. (ҳ ),
(5196) 228. 221. " " () 625. 470. 1920, 91. 568. 128, 394, 395, 509, 544, 561,
563, 588, 589, 594, 595, 676, 677, 691. " " ()
504514. , , 125,
684, 685. 51, 74, 100,
632.
645. ,
494. ,
(1821 1881)
637, 639. 664.
" " 277. ,
(1631 1700) 504. 103, 104; . ,
.
87. 103. 628. " " () 179
181, 374, 387. (. )
293. (. )
311.
312, 658. 270, 271. 161, 165, 212, 215, 224, 317. 124, 193, 202203, 263, 380,
404, 469470, 475, 659.
469, 470, 475, 488. 540.
" " () 504. 237. , -
(12701308) 383, 393,
396397, 401;
396. , 153, 154, 251256, 257,
263, 280, 283, 663, 664;
663, 664;
611, 613, 614, 617, 618;
2832, 33, 68;
477;
676;
. ;
108;
251256, 257;
123, 125. 263, 264, 337, 347, 348,
349, 380381, 396, 403, 404, 432, 444. .
663665;
586;
474, 477; , 31.
- 17, 37, 48, 129, 282, 389, 402, 470, 484, 488, 676;
298299, 308, 311, 314;
362363, 385;
149, 153155, 156, 255, 389, 470;
68, 73;
48;
28, 29, 32, 37, 47, 48, 49, 68, 72, 73;
459, 465;
216 217;
470471, 472, 475;
487;
̳ 37;
402403;
ϳ 46, 130;
116, 126129, 133, 156;
253, 255257;
439440;
86, 126130;
17, 41, 123, 153155, 255;
388389;
298. ,
(18591952) 678, 681688;
684, 687.
,
(18701925) 657. ( ),
(536600); 320. ,
(. 407355 ..) 186. ,
(1851 1941) 18, 19. , (. 300 .
..) 43, 44, 187, 188, 197, 206, 373,
394, 458, 514, 595, 597.
203. 521, 605;
659;
51;
36, 58, 151, 152;
682;
536;
528;
430.
, (V . ..) 26, 30, 62, 64, 80, 85, 166, 458;
28.
, . 294.
" " () 76.
, (.
790) 337. 24.
512, 513, 539, 568, 582, 648. 80. , 볿 (12391307)
406. III, 볿 (13121377)
398, 400. IV, 볿 (14421483)
411, 465, 513. VIII (
),
볿 ( 1936) 338. ,
" " (1821 1910)
39.
, (1882 1944) 216 (.), 548. , (
) 330. 360. 550. , 268, 270, 271,
278. ,
(18791955) 39, 71, 72, 192, 452,
692, 693. 344. , ,
(1260
1337) 629.
271272. 229, 360, 600, 605, 650,
699;
617;
127;
531532. 603, 605. 336. 125, 684, 685. 31, 32, 44, 253. 670.
, 22, 30, 32. 53.
. . 53.
, , . (. 1227)
382.
, ϳ 205. 32.
, 193-201, 221;
96, 193;
239;
.. 239;
237, 247;
" " 202;
219;
237;
.. 206. " " ( )
199 (.), 200 (.), 201 (.). 193, 202203,
204, 211, 221, 222. " " () 226,
237 (.).
21, 62, 165, 181, 268; 145; 74; 273, 276, 277; 24, 57; 24; ͳ 632633; ϳ 433; 192; 79, 94. 188, 445, 452. , (1101 1164)
371.
. . 625. ,
(18051882) 566. 245.
" " () 575, 577578, 587. , (. 440 . ..) 49, 5761, 65, 67, 69, 107, 183;
58, 6061, 265. , 41,
126, 143, 457, 497, 511, 557, 608609, 658, 690;
543, 544, 550;
31, 35;
675, 677;
536, 537, 594, 595, 598;
69, 544545, 691;
505506, 509510, 511;
44, 89, 562, 597, 690;
. 657;
. 693;
550.
41 (.),
128, 226, 511, 589, 597, 691. (18201895) 606. 244. 310. " " () 251258, 360;
" " 256 257;
" " 257258.
, 210.
23.
ճ,
(V . ..) 190. , 275; .
. Ens realissimus 591. 27, 29, 586. 501. " Enchridion militis Christian" ("
") () 435. " Encyclopaedia Britannica";
327 (.).
, 228. , - (60
100) 221, 228, 229, 230, 231232,
234, 242;
212 (.), 230, 231. , (342270 ..) 66, 67, 68, 211220, 224, 258, 307, 334, 633;
645, 646;
212214, 215216. , 153, 211
220, 221, 241242, 251, 318, 465;
193, 203, 211.
, , (VII . ..) 281.
594, 597.
585, 632; . .
445.
( , ), (14661536) 431435, 439;
432, 433, 435. " " () 431 (.). 312.
, (III .
..) 191, 197. 50. , ; .
.
. ( ), (1567
1601) 453. , (966
1803) 487.
93, 565, 681.
529.
312.
, (525476 ..) 62, 79, 185, 276.
. .
78, 108, 109, , 266, 607, 648, 649, 693;
. 639;
122, 155165, 183;
647;
538540;
612, 614;
601;
593;
277;
201;
214;
235;
512515, 523;
655, 656;
438;
ͳ 48, 632, 633635, 639, 640643;
100, 122, 307;
403;
. 570;
573;
74, 88, 100;
476, 477, 482, 483;
. 42;
221, 226, 232235;
389390;
586, 649;
. 89, 259, 638 639;
" " . 538;
629, 630, 632;
276, 277.
" " () . " ͳ ".
58, 311.
17, 47, 138, 316, 322, 329.
48.
17.
47.
275.
( II), (525476 ..) 62, 79, 185, 246.
, '볿 (11921259) 624.
280, 309, 313, 465, 517. 249, 276, 277, 281, 283, 629. 252, 372, 391. IV, ( 1431 1447) 409, 414.
, , (16631736) 487.
, 290.
() 280, 291, 483, 536;
. 307, 310311, 312;
. 168, 407;
283;
45;
328;
312;
273, 279;
358, 364, 381;
168, 531;
247, 358;
ͳ 635, 636;
. 273, 278, 310, 315, 358, 366, 369, 407;
273, 279;
297298;
200, 245, 267, 279, 285;
476;
293, 310;
. 281, 364;
240, 278279, 281, 283, 286, 404;
244, 340;
285; . , .
197, 343, 515, 516517, 519,
651; . . 657. 16, 237. 96, 272, 287, 486;
193, 194, 196;
166;
188;
34, 43;
. 34, 38, 66, 185, 197;
27, 34, 37, 38, 96, 185, 250;
. 268269;
. 347, 403404;
1819, 27;
247, 357;
. 322, 323;
. 317, 358;
. 16, 21;
. 17, 18;
237;
. 21, 108, 507, 541;
. 16, 17, 18, 19; . .
380.
, , , 47, 50, 54, 70, 72, 120, 251, 252, 257.
, 269;
269.
102, 440, 442, 476, 468, 518. , (1533
1603) 440, 454, 516. " " () 453. , , --
(18181860) 468. 476. , 327, 336, 337,
338, 340, 347349, 410, 411, 518;
350, 353, 366;
. 284, 340;
328329, 334, 338
339, 351, 366, 407.
, 34, 269270. , 286, 320, 355, 390, 391, 397, 398, 406;
371;
. 296297, 301, 302, 311, 420;
367;
393;
. 373;
³ 410411;
384;
441;
346, 347;
282;
444;
369;
408;
II 379;
326;
. 383;
322; . , , , , , , , , - .
, ., (3457420)
228, 288, 289, 293294, 320, 328, 394;
275, 278, 282, 288, 293, 310, 432;
431, 432, 435;
288, 322, 323;
293296.
268, 270, 272, 273, 292, 313, 334;
. 265;
; . II;
274, 278;
333;
376, 377, 378. " "
() 271 (.). 272 (.).
132, 133, 255, 256;
149, 150, 151, 153.
, 156. " " (ͳ) 635. ' (14121431) 87, 381. 518, 571, 574, 575, 578, 579. , 270, 647. 22, 219, 270. , 17, 3233. " ˳" () 90, 92,
579.
" " () 242. " " () 625 (.). ( ) 665, 674. " " (ij )
211. Ƴ ,
- (10701154) 373. Ƴ 501. Ƴ 2526, 103, 124, 272, 346,
602603, 627;
602603;
20, 73, 92, 94, 103;
ͳ 634, 635, 638;
2930, 104, 133, 135, 169;
236, 243;
627. " " (ij
) 236 (.). 125, 223, 313, 538, 617, 637.
580, 582584, 614.
" " () 588.
26.
( ) 146149, 150.
667.
, ()
19, 33, 8687, 217, 219, 220, 227, 255, 403, 404; . .
125.
, , 95, 177, 523525, 533;
167, 171;
76, 122123;
512, 602, 644, 645, 646;
446, 449, 450, 452;
614;
601;
107, 111;
, . 267, 270, 274, 277, 279, 281, 297, 404;
㳿 452;
469;
442, 446447, 448;
592;
185;
78, 522523;
. 68, 79, 521, 523;
457;
503;
77;
_ _ 441, 446447, 449, 450, 452;
445446, 449;
. 523;
18;
326; . , , .
,
532534, 583, 593. 20, 35, 106. 337. 708.
" " 276.
. .
( ̳) 16, 18, 34, 59, 66, 188, 199, 200.
, ( 741752) 336, 463.
" " () 650.
32, 58, 131, 244, 545.
341, 464.
ͳ 246, 600.
() 240, 243 246, 288, 315, 335;
243246, 265, 288, 357;
... 265, 283, 312, 315, 347, 357;
' ... 287. 323324, 338, 376, 405, 421;
.. 288.
" "
(Գ) 598. 547, 556, 558, 560, 661, 663,
677.
, 139, 541, 546. ' 555558. 506, 533, 548, 660,
676, 677, 685, 686;
146, 147, 148, 149, 162;
685, 686. 17, 28, 31, 194, 225;
23, 107, 225;
223, 225, 226. ˳ 25. " " 235.
, -; 336.
91, 95, 168, 237, 519,
529530.
쳿 37, 121, 131 134, 184, 188192;
449, 451;
3. 184, 188192, 441442, 445446, 448, 449, 453;
184, 189190, 451.
() 36, 46, 4950, 59, 184, 222.
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