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Инфинитив
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Запомните случаи, в которых инфинитив употребляется без частицы " to":
после модальных глаголов;
после глаголов to let и to make;
в сложном дополнении после глаголов
восприятия:
(to see, to hear, to feel, etc.); после выражений: I would rather....
You had better...
Упр. 339. Вставьте частицу " to" перед инфинитивом, где необходимо.
1. I like... play the guitar. 2. My brother can... speak French. 3. We had... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 4. They wanted... cross the river. 5. It is high time for you... go to bed. 6. May I... use your telephone? 7. They heard the girl... cry out with joy. 8. I would rather... stay at home today. 9. He did not want... play in the yard any more. 10. Would you like... go to England? 11. You look tired. You had better... go home.
12. I wanted... speak to Nick, but could not... find his telephone number. 13. It is time... get up. 14. Let me... help you with your homework. 15. I was planning... do a lot of things yesterday. 16. I'd like... speak to you. 17. I think I shall be able... solve this problem. 18. What makes you... think you are right? 19. I shall do all I can... help you. 20. I like... dance. 21. I'd like... dance. 22. She made me... repeat my words several times. 23. I saw him... enter the room. 24. She did not let her mother... go away. 25. Do you like... listen to good music? 26. Would you like... listen to good music? 27. That funny scene made me... laugh.
Упр. 340. Замените части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.
E.g. The boy had many toys which he could play with. The boy had many toys to play with.
1. I have no books which I can read. 2. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 3. Don't forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 4. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 5. There was nothing that he could do except go home. 6. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 7. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can't go to the theatre with you. 8. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom. 9. Here is something which will warm you up. 10. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. 11. Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct. 12. Here is something which you can rub on your hands. It will soften them. 13. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 14. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache. 15. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow. 16. Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I could write with. 17.1 have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday. 18. Soon we found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider. 19. The girl was quite young when both her parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers whom she had to take care of.
Упр. 341. Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивными оборотами.
E.g. He is so old that he cannot skate. He is too old to skate.
1. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve it. 2. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 3. The baby is so little that it cannot walk. 4. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight. 5. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you. 6. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake. 7. The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it. 8. He was so stupid that he did not see the joke. 9. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. 10. The accident was so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 11. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 12. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it. 13. She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation. 14. I have very little wool: it won't make a sweater.
Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания с инфинитивом:
to cut a long story short — короче говоря to tell (you) the truth — сказать (вам) по
правде
to say nothing of — не говоря уже о to put it mildly — мягко выражаясь to say the least of it — по меньшей мере to begin with — начнем с того что
Запомните следующие предложения:
The book leaves much to be desired. — Книга оставляет желать лучшего.
Не is difficult to deal with. — С ним трудно иметь дело.
Не is hard to please. — Ему трудно угодить.
She is pleasant to look at. — На нее приятно смотреть.
Упр.342. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. Мягко выражаясь, она была невежлива. 2. Ваша работа оставляет желать лучшего. 3. Сказать по правде, я не люблю бокс. 4. Вашей сестре трудно угодить. 5. Начнем с того, что я занят, б. На него было приятно смотреть. 7. Короче говоря, он не сдал экзамен. 8. Мы все были рады, не говоря уже о маме: она сказала, что это самый счастливый день в ее жизни. 9. Твое сочинение оставляет желать лучшего. 10. Это очень странно, по меньшей мере. 11. Для начала, она открыла все окна. 12. С моим соседом трудно иметь дело. 13. По правде говоря, я очень устал. 14. Его поведение оставляет желать лучшего. 15. Мягко выражаясь, вы меня удивили. 16. На этих детей приятно посмотреть. 17. Короче говоря, они поженились. 18. Самая известная книга Джерома — " Трое в лодке, не считая собаки." 19. Вам трудно угодить. 20. По меньшей мере, мы были удивлелы.
Обратите внимание на отсутствие союза «чтобы» перед инфинитивом в роли обстоятельства цели:
То get this book, you must go the library.
Чтобы получить эту
книгу, вы должны to пойти в библиотеку.
| Запомните следующие | предложения: |
| I have nothing to read. | Мне нечего читать. |
| She has nobody to speak with. | Ей не с кем поговорить. |
| What is to be done? Who is to blame? | Что делать? Кто виноват? |
| I am not to blame. | Я не виноват. |
| To see is to believe. | Видеть значит верить. |
| He was the first (last) to come. | Он пришел первым (последним). |
| It is out of the question to go there. | Не молсет быть и речи о том, чтобы идти туда. |
Упр. 343. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. Чтобы получить хорошую оценку, вы должны упорно поработать. 2. С ней трудно иметь дело. 3. Что делать? 4. Начнем с того, что он болен. 5. Чтобы читать Диккенса в оригинале, вы должны хорошо знать язык. 6. Мягко выражаясь, он не прав. 7. Она была не виновата. 8. Ребенку не с кем играть. 9. Видеть значит верить. 10. Чтобы успеть на этот поезд, вы должны поторопиться. 11. Не может быть и речи о покупке машины в этом году. 12. Книга оставляет желать лучшего. 13. Сказать по правде, мне это не нравится. 14. Им было нечего есть. 15. Кто виноват? 16. Короче говоря, он не сделал урок. 17. В нашей семье мама всегда встает первая. 18. На нее приятно смотреть. 19. Чтобы перевести эту статью, вы должны воспользоваться словарем. 20. Мне некуда ехать летом. 21.0 том, чтобы купаться в этой реке, не могло быть и речи.
22. Ему было не с кем обсудить эту проблему. 23. Вчера Катя пришла в школу последней.
Сравните употребление
Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive
to write — to be written
I am glad to help you —
рад помочь (рад, что я помогаю) I am glad to be helped -
рад, что мне помогают
Упр. 344. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.
1. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 2. To improve your phonetics you should record yourself and analyse your speech. 3. This is the book to be read during the summer holidays. 4. To be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage. 5. To play chess was his greatest pleasure. 6. The child did not like to be washed. 7. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 8. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to be reminded of his duties.
Сравните употребление
Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive
to write — to have written
I am glad to see you —
рад видеть вас (раду что вижу) I am glad to have seen you —
рад, что повидал
Упр. 345. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Infinitive.
1. I am awfully glad to have met you. 2. Sorry to have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 3. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 4. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 5. Clyde was awfully glad to have renewed his acquaintance with Sondra, 6. Sorry not to have noticed you. 7.1 am sorry to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 8. When Clyde looked at the girl closely, he remembered to have seen her in Sondra's company. 9. I remembered to have been moved1 by the scene I witnessed. 10. The child was happy to have been brought home. 11. Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr. Rochester. 12. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus. 13. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 14. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits.
| Формы инфинитива | ||
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite (Simple) | to write | to be written |
| Continuous | to be writing | X |
| Perfect | to have written | to have been written |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been writing | x |
1 moved — зд. растроган
Упр. 346. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.
E.g. He is sorry that he has said it. He is sorry to have said it.
1. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert. 2. I am glad that I see all my friends here. 3. I was afraid of going past that place alone. 4. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress as lovely as that. 5. We must wait till we hear the examination results. 6. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in. 7. I should be delighted if I could join you. 8. He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow. 9. It is certain that it will rain if you don't take your umbrella. 10. Don't promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.
11. He was happy that he was praised by everybody. 12. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother.
Упр. 347. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. Не seems (to read) a lot. 2. Не seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) you to the concert. 6.1 want (to take) to the concert by my father. 7. She hoped (to help) her Mends. 6. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to be) back in two days. 11. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morning. 13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 14. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 15 I am sorry (to break) your pen.
Упр. 348. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 12. Perhaps it would upset her (to tell) the truth of the matter. 13. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 14. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom. 15. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 16. They seemed (to wait) for ages.