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Understanding a printed text.
II. The following passage introduces the topic of maintaining good communication between people. Look at the way the passage is constructed, paying attention to the headings. Then read the text carefully, looking up anything you do not understand And answer the questions given below.
Two-way 1. Communication is a two-way process. It is not complete communication until the message has been received and understood. The extend to which the message is understood is more important than the way or form in which it is sent. This means that the transmission of messages should always be in the form best understood by the person receiving them. Some things are better said, some best written down. The principle is repeated: think first, last and all the time about the recipient or audience or reader. Adjust the writing, the speaking and arithmetic to suit him. And if pictures will help, give him a picture.
Methods of communication. Communication 2. Fundamentally, man communicates by sight or by modes sound, but within those categories there are others. We can define the communication modes as: verbal – the written word oral - the spoken word visual – the illustration, and numerical – the written and interpreted number electronic – using a computer Within the above categories, there are the receivers of the messages. For every writer there must be a reader, for every speaker a listener, and for every artist a viewer.
When does 3. We have already explained that communication is not communication made until it is received and understood. The prime take place? essential in any form of communication is therefore to know the audience. It is important to accept the concept that people tend to receive – to hear, to read or to see- very largely only what they want to receive. They seek out what is expected and what is familiar while trying to ignore or reject what is new. Every communication should be made with that thought in mind. The answer is to ensure that every message is clear, simple and –as far as possible – unambiguous. However, no matter how much the sender of the message may try, the taking of that message depends on the past experience (training) of the recipient. This characteristic can be partially allowed for in the communication process – by departing from the well-known and moving in short, simple steps towards the really new.
The purpose of 4. It is important to know that for any communication communication to be worth while, it must have a purpose- and that purpose is always persuasion. This is not to say that there are no purposeless communications: there are too many, but they are usually of little value to anyone. Every genuine communication seeks to influence the recipient. It may seek to persuade him to take some course of action, to make a decision one way or another, or merely to apply his mind to accepting more information.
5. We can define the fundamental principle of communication as: write or speak clearly and simply so that the reader or listener can easily understand.
Check your understanding. 1. How can you define the communication process? 2. What is more important to remember about messages? 3. What principle is recommended? 4. Is it best always to write down thing? 5. What are the five modes of communication used by man? 6. When do you think the communication takes place? 7. What do people tend to hear or to read? 8. What is the essential purpose of any communication? 9. Are there purposeless communications? 10. What is meant by ‘purposeless communication’? 11. How should you write or speak to your audience? 12. Should you think about yourself or the people you are communicating with?
III Read the following information about communication and decide which tips are good and which tips you disagree with.
Do to others as you would be done by. 1. Communicate only when you have something worth while to say. 2. Don’t write or speak at greater length than it is necessary to convey the message. 3. Write in such a way that the reader will find it easy to read. 4. Read carefully, concentrating on absorbing and understanding the writer’s message. 5. Speak in the language of you listeners – but never ‘talk down’ 6. Listen attentively to a speaker and avoid mind-wandering. 7. Help a speaker to feel at ease; encourage him to speak. 8. Where helpful, supplement words with pictures. 9. Watch speakers and listeners for ‘non-verbal’ signals. 10. Explain mathematical information with summaries, words and pictures.
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