Модальный глагол shall

Модальный глагол shall употребляется в тех случа­ях, когда испрашивается разрешение на совершение какого-либо действия, и является иногда заменителем модального глагола must. Shall I help you? Вам по­мочь? Shall we translate the text? Нам переводить текст?

2.1 Переведите предложения. Проанализируйте употребление модальных глаголов в следующих предложениях:

1. Who is to answer my question?

2. Nobody could translate this text.

3. He has to do this task at once.

4. Must I attend this meeting? - No, you needn't.

5. You should have shown your notes to the teacher.

6. I asked him, but he wouldn't listen to me.

7. They should have visited her, she was in the hospital.

8. Last summer we would often go to the country.

9. He could do this work himself.

10. Would you tell me the way to the station?

11. Your friend might have informed us.

12. May I leave for a while? — Yes, you may.

13. She should be more attentive to her parents.

14. You needn't come so early.

2.2 Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. We have to stay at home. 2. He was allowed to take this book. 3. Who is able to do this work? 4. He had to leave for Moscow earlier. 5. We are to take exams in June. 6. Are they allowed to visit you? 7. They were able to do this work in time. 8. I'll be able to pass my examinations. 9. She'll be allowed to watch TV. 10. I have to come in time. 11. The train is to come soon. 12. Will you be able to drive a car?

2.3 Замените модальные глаголы соответству­ющими эквивалентами:

1. Не couldn't explain anything. 2. You must not stay here. 3. Can you swim? 4. You may take these books. 5. They can run quickly. 6. She might work in our room. 7. Who can read this text? 8. They must go there tomorrow. 9. May I go to the cinema? 10. We must meet at 7 o'clock.

2.4 Вставьте необходимые модальные глаголы:

(must, should, would, ought to, have to, needn't, can, could, may)

1. I... not go to the theatre with them last night, I... revise the grammar rules and the words for the test. 2. My friend lives a long way from his office and... get up early. 3. All of us... be in time for classes. 4. When my friend has his English, he... stay at the office after work. He (not).. stay at the office on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and... get home early. 5.... you... work hard to do well in your English? 6. «... we discuss this question now?» No, we.... We... do it tomorrow afternoon. 7. I'm glad you... come. 8. «... you... come and have dinner with us tomorrow? «I'd love to.» 9. «Please send them this article.» «Oh,... I do it now?»

2.5 Заполните пропуски соответствующими мо­дальными глаголами:

(must, should, would, ought to, have to, needn't, can, could, may)

1. They... not do this work themselves

2. You... take my dictionary.

3. You don't look well, you... consult the doctor.

4. Why... I give you my money?

5. She... not speak any foreign language.

6. He... to help them, they need his help.

7.... you tell me the time?

8.... I go with you? No, you....

9. Your daughter... have told about it.

10. In winter we... often skate.

11. You... no. miss your classes.

12.... you play the piano before?

2.6 Переведите предложения:

1. This building should have been constructed a year ago.

2. The letter should have been sent long ago.

3. The preventive measures should have been taken long before.

4. We should not have used that sort of paper for this model of printer.

5. This phenomenon should be explained by economic laws.

2.7 Переведите предложения:

1. Письмо нужно было отправить вчера. Но этого сде­лано не было.

2. Вам следовало упомянуть об этом в вашем ответе.

3. Этот документ следовало направить на подпись вче­ра.

4. Вам нужно было связаться с фирмой немедленно.

5. Им не следовало отправлять документ на имя уп­равляющего фирмой.

UNIT 6