:
|
1.
Δ Hf0 (/)
Δ Gf0 (/)
S0 (/∙ )
, , , , ,
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| |
| | Ag()
|
|
| 42.55
| | Ag()
| 289.2
| 250.4
| 172.892
| | Ag+()
| 105.6
| 77.11
| 72.68
| | AgBr()
| 100.4
| 96.90
|
| | AgCl()
| 127.1
| 109.8
| 96.2
| | AgF()
| 203
| 185
|
| | AgI()
| 61.84
| 66.19
|
| | AgNO3()
| 124.4
| 33.5
| 140.9
| | Ag2O()
| 31.0
| 11.2
|
| | Ag2S()
| 31.8
| 40.3
|
| | Ag2SO4()
| 715.9
| 618.5
| 200.4
| |
| | Al()
|
|
| 28.3
| | Al3+()
| 531
| 485
| 321.7
| | AlCl3()
| 705.6
| 630.1
| 109.3
| | Al2Cl6()
| 1291
| 1221
|
| | AlF3()
| 1504
| 1425
| 66.48
| | Al2O3()
| 1676
| 1582
| 50.94
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | Al(OH)3()
| 1276
|
|
| | Al2(SO4)3()
| 3441
| 3100
|
| |
| | B(β, )
|
|
| 5.86
| | BCl3()
| 427.2
| 387
|
| | BF3()
| 1137
| 1120.3
| 254.0
| | B2H6()
|
| 86.6
| 232.0
| | B2O3()
| 1272
| 1193
| 53.8
| |
| | Ba()
|
|
| 62.3
| | Ba2+()
| 537.6
| 560.8
| 9.6
| | Ba2+()
| 1649.9
|
|
| | Ba()
| 175.6
| 144.8
| 170.28
| | Ba+()
| 684.6
|
|
| | BaCO3()
| 1216
| 1138
|
| | BaCl2()
| 858.1
| 810.4
| 123.7
| | BaF2()
| 1209
| 1159
| 96.40
| | BaO()
| 548.1
| 520.4
| 72.09
| | Ba(OH)2()
| 946.0
| 859.4
|
| | Ba(OH)28H2O()
| 3342
| 2793
|
| | BaSO4()
| 1473
| 1362
|
| |
| | Be()
|
|
| 9.54
| | BeCl2()
| 496.2
| 449.5
| 75.81
| | BeO()
| 608.4
| 579.1
| 13.77
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| |
| | Bi()
|
|
| 56.74
| | BiCl3()
| 379
| 315
|
| | Bi2O3()
| 573.9
| 493.7
|
| |
| | Br()
| 111.9
| 82.40
| 174.90
| | Br()
| 120.9
| 102.82
| 80.71
| | Br()
| 218.9
|
|
| | Br2()
| 30.91
| 3.13
| 245.38
| | Br2()
|
|
| 152.23
| | BrCl()
| 14.6
| 0.96
| 240.0
| | BrF3()
| 255.6
| 229.5
| 292.4
| | BrF3()
| 300.8
| 240.6
| 178.2
| | HBr()
| 36.40
| 53.43
| 198.6
| |
| | C()
| 716.7
| 671.3
| 158.0
| | C(, )
|
|
| 5.74
| | C(, )
| 1.90
| 2.90
| 2.38
| | CCl4()
| 102.9
| 60.63
| 309.7
| | CCl4()
| 135.4
| 65.27
| 216.2
| | C2N2()
| 308.9
| 297.2
| 242.3
| | CN()
|
|
|
| | HCN()
|
|
| 201.7
| | HCN()
|
|
| 112.8
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | HCN()
|
|
|
| | CO()
| 110.5
| 137.2
| 197.6
| | CO2()
| 393.5
| 394.4
| 213.6
| | CO2()
| 412.9
| 386.2
|
| | CO32()
| 677.1
| 527.8
| 56.9
| | HCO3()
| 691.11
| 587.06
| 95.0
| | H2CO3()
| 698.7
| 623.42
|
| | C3O2()
| 93.72
| 109.8
| 276.4
| | C3O2()
| 117.3
| 105.0
| 181.1
| | COCl2()
| 220.9
| 206.8
| 283.8
| | CH3Cl()
| 83.7
| 60.2
|
| | CH2Cl2()
| 117
| 63.2
|
| | CHCl3()
| 132
| 71.5
|
| | COS()
| 138.4
| 165.6
| 231.5
| | CS2()
|
| 66.9
| 237.79
| | CS2()
| 89.70
| 65.27
| 151.3
| |
| | Ca()
|
|
| 41.4
| | Ca()
| 192.6
| 158.9
| 154.78
| | Ca2+()
| 542.96
| 553.04
| 55.2
| | Ca2+()
| 1934.1
|
|
| | Ca+()
| 788.6
|
|
| | CaBr2()
| 682.8
| 663.6
| 130.
| | CaCO3()
| 1207
| 1128
| 88.70
| | CaCl2()
| 795.8
| 748.1
|
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | CaF2()
| 1220
| 1167
| 68.87
| | CaH2()
| 186
| 147
|
| | Ca(NO3)2()
| 938.4
| 743.2
|
| | CaO()
| 635.1
| 604.0
| 39.75
| | Ca(OH)2()
| 986.1
| 898.6
| 83.39
| | CaOH+()
|
| 718.4
|
| | Ca3(PO4)2()
| 4121
| 3885
|
| | CaSO4()
| 1434
| 1322
| 106.7
| |
| | Cd()
|
|
| 51.76
| | Cd()
| 112.8
| 78.20
| 167.64
| | Cd2+()
| 75.90
| 77.61
| 73.2
| | CdCl2()
| 391.5
| 344.0
| 115.3
| | CdO()
| 258
| 228
| 54.8
| | CdS()
| 144
| 141
|
| |
| | Cl()
| 121.7
| 105.7
| 165.1
| | Cl()
| 167.2
| 131.2
| 56.5
| | Cl()
| 234
| 240
| 153.25
| | Cl2()
|
|
| 223.0
| | ClF3()
| 163.2
| 123.0
| 281.5
| | ClO2()
| 102.5
| 120.5
| 256.7
| | Cl2O()
| 80.33
| 97.49
| 267.9
| | HCl()
| 92.31
| 95.30
| 186.8
| | HCl()
| 167.2
| 131.3
| 56.48
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| |
| | Co()
|
|
| 30.0
| | Co2+()
| 67.4
| 51.5
| 155
| | Co3+()
| 92.0
| 134.0
| 305.0
| | CoO()
| 237.9
| 214.2
| 52.97
| | Co3O4()
| 891.0
| 774.0
| 102.5
| | Co(OH)2()
| 539.7
| 454.4
| 79.0
| | CoCl2()
| 312.5
| 269.8
| 109.2
| |
| | Cr()
|
|
| 23.66
| | CrCl2()
| 395.4
| 356.0
| 115.3
| | CrCl3()
| 556.5
| 486.1
| 123.0
| | Cr2O3()
| 1135
| 1053
| 81.17
| | CrO42()
| 881.2
| 727.8
| 50.21
| | Cr2O72()
| 1490.3
| 1301.1
| 261.9
| | [Cr(H2O)6]3+()
| 1971
|
|
| |
| | Cs+()
| 458.5
| 427.1
| 169.72
| | Cs+()
| 248
| 282.0
|
| | Cs()
| 76.7
| 49.7
| 175.5
| | Cs()
|
|
| 85.15
| | CsF()
| 554.7
| 525.4
|
| | CsCl()
| 442.8
| 414
| 101.18
| | CsBr()
| 395
| 383
|
| | CsI()
| 337
| 333
|
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| |
| | Cu()
|
|
| 33.15
| | Cu()
| 341.1
| 301.4
| 166.29
| | Cu+()
| 51.9
| 50.2
| 26
| | Cu2+()
| 64.77
| 65.49
| 99.6
| | CuCl2()
| 220.1
| 175.7
| 108.1
| | CuCO3Cu(OH)2()
| 1051
| 893.7
|
| | Cu2O()
| 168.6
| 146.0
| 93.14
| | CuO()
| 157.3
| 129.7
| 42.63
| | Cu(OH)2()
| 450.2
| 373
|
| | CuSO45H2O()
| 2279.6
| 1880.1
| 300.4
| |
| | F()
| 78.99
| 61.92
| 158.7
| | F()
| 255.6
| 262.5
| 145.47
| | F()
| 332.6
| 278.8
| 13.8
| | F2()
|
|
| 202.7
| |
| | Fe(α, )
|
|
| 27.28
| | Fe(β, )
| 13.13
| 11.05
| 34.29
| | Fe2+()
| 89.1
| 78.90
| 137.7
| | Fe3+()
| 48.5
| 4.7
| 315.9
| | FeCO3()
| 740.6
| 666.7
| 92.88
| | FeCl2()
| 341.8
| 302.3
| 118.0
| | FeCl3()
| 399.5
| 334.1
| 142.3
| | FeO()
| 272.0
| 251.5
| 60.75
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | Fe2O3()
| 824.2
| 742.2
| 87.40
| | Fe3O4()
| 1118.4
| 1015.4
| 146.4
| | Fe(OH)3()
| 823.0
| 696.6
|
| |
| | H()
| 218.0
| 203.3
| 114.6
| | H+()
| 1536.3
| 1517.1
| 108.83
| | H+()
|
|
|
| | H3O+()
| 285.8
|
| 69.91
| | H2()
|
|
| 130.6
| | HBr()
| 36.40
| 53.43
| 198.6
| | HCl()
| 92.31
| 95.30
| 186.8
| | HCl()
| 167.2
| 131.3
| 56.48
| | HCN()
|
|
| 201.7
| | HF()
| 271.1
| 273.2
| 173.7
| | HI()
| 26.48
| 1.72
| 206.5
| | HNO3()
| 173.2
| 79.91
| 155.6
| | HNO3()
| 207.4
| 113.3
| 146.4
| | H2O()
| 241.8
| 228.6
| 188.7
| | H2O()
| 285.8
| 237.2
| 69.91
| | H2O2()
| 136.1
| 105.5
| 232.9
| | H2O2()
| 187.8
| 120.4
|
| | H2O2()
| 191.2
| 134.1
|
| | H2S()
| 20.63
| 33.56
| 205.7
| | H2SO4()
| 814.0
| 690.1
| 156.9
| | H2SO4()
| 909.3
| 744.6
| 20.08
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| |
| | He()
|
|
| 126.0
| |
| | Hg()
| 61.32
| 31.85
| 174.9
| | Hg()
|
|
| 76.02
| | Hg2+()
|
| 164.8
|
| | Hg22+()
| 172.4
| 153.9
| 84.5
| | HgCl2()
| 230
| 184
|
| | Hg2Br2()
| 206.9
|
| 218.0
| | Hg2Cl2()
| 265.4
| 210.66
| 191.6
| | Hg2I2()
| 121.3
|
| 233.5
| | HgO()
| 90.83
| 58.56
| 70.29
| |
| | I()
| 106.8
| 70.28
| 180.7
| | I()
| 194.7
|
|
| | I()
| 55.19
| 51.57
| 111.3
| | I2()
| 62.44
| 19.36
| 260.6
| | I2()
|
|
| 116.1
| | Ibr()
| 40.84
| 3.72
| 258.7
| | Icl()
| 17.78
| 5.44
| 247.4
| | Icl()
| 23.89
| 13.60
| 135.1
| |
| | K()
| 89.24
| 60.63
| 160.2
| | K()
| 2.28
| 0.26
| 71.46
| | K()
|
|
| 64.18
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | K+()
| 252.4
| 283.3
| 102.5
| | K+()
| 514.197
| 481.202
| 154.47
| | KBr()
| 393.8
| 380.7
| 95.90
| | KCN()
| 113
| 101.9
| 128.5
| | KCl()
| 436.7
| 409.2
| 82.59
| | KclO3()
| 397.7
| 296.3
|
| | KlO4()
| 432.8
| 303.2
| 151.0
| | KF()
| 567.3
| 537.8
| 66.57
| | KI()
| 327.9
| 324.9
| 106.3
| | KNO3()
| 494.6
| 394.9
| 133.1
| | KOH()
| 424.8
| 379.1
| 78.87
| | KOH()
| 482.4
| 440.5
| 91.63
| | K2SO4()
| 1438
| 1321
| 175.6
| |
| | Li()
|
|
| 29.12
| | Li+()
| 278.5
| 293.3
| 13.4
| | Li()
|
|
| 138.67
| | Li+()
| 687.163
| 649.989
| 132.91
| | LiF()
| 616.9
| 588.7
| 35.66
| | LiCl()
| 408.6
| 384.4
| 59.33
| | LiBr()
| 351
| 342
| 74.1
| | LiI()
| 270
| 270
| 85.8
| | Li2O()
| 597.94
| 561.18
| 37.57
| | LiOH()
| 484.9
| 439.0
| 42.80
| | LiNO3()
| 483.1
| 381.1
| 90.0
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| |
| | Mg()
|
|
| 32.69
| | Mg()
|
|
| 148.55
| | Mg+()
| 894.1
|
|
| | Mg2+()
|
|
|
| | Mg2+()
| 466.9
| 454.8
| 138.1
| | MgCl2()
| 641.3
| 591.8
| 89.62
| | MgCO3()
| 1096
| 1012
| 65.7
| | MgF2()
| 1124
| 1071
| 57.24
| | MgO()
| 601.7
| 569.4
| 26.94
| | MgOH+()
|
| 626.7
|
| | Mg(OH)2()
| 924.7
| 833.9
| 63.18
| | Mg3N2()
| 461
| 401
|
| | MgSO4()
| 1285
| 1171
| 91.6
| |
| | Mn()
|
|
| 32.0
| | Mn2+()
| 220.8
| 228.1
| 73.6
| | MnCl2()
| 481.3
| 440.5
| 118.2
| | MnO2()
| 520
| 465.2
| 53.05
| | MnO4()
| 541.4
| 447.2
| 191.2
| | MnO42()
| 653.0
| 500.7
| 59.0
| |
| | N()
| 472.7
| 455.6
| 153.2
| | N2()
|
|
| 191.5
| | NF3()
| 124.7
| 83.2
| 260.7
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | NH3()
| 46.11
| 16.48
| 192.3
| | NH3()
| 80.29
| 26.57
| 111.3
| | NH4+()
| 132.5
| 79.31
| 113.4
| | NH4Br()
| 270.8
| 175
| 113.0
| | NH4Cl()
| 314.4
| 203.0
| 94.56
| | NH4F()
| 464.0
| 348.8
| 71.96
| | NH4HCO3()
| 849.4
| 666.1
|
| | NH4I()
| 201.4
| 113
|
| | NH4NO3()
| 365.6
| 184.0
| 151.1
| | NH4NO3()
| 339.9
| 190.7
| 259.8
| | (NH4)2SO4()
| 1181
| 901.9
| 220.1
| | N2H4()
| 95.40
| 159.3
| 238.4
| | N2H4()
| 50.63
| 149.2
| 121.2
| | NO()
| 90.25
| 86.57
| 210.6
| | N2O()
| 82.05
| 104.2
| 219.7
| | NO2()
| 33.18
| 51.30
| 240.0
| | N2O4()
| 9.16
| 97.82
| 304.2
| | N2O4()
| 19.6
| 97.40
| 209.2
| | N2O5()
| 11.3
| 115.1
| 355.7
| | NO3()
| 205.0
| 108.7
| 146.4
| | HNO3()
| 173.2
| 79.91
| 155.6
| | HNO3()
| 207.4
| 113.3
| 146.4
| | NOBr()
| 82.17
| 82.4
| 273.5
| | NOCl()
| 51.71
| 66.07
| 261.6
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| |
| | Na()
| 107.3
| 76.78
| 153.6
| | Na()
| 2.41
| 0.50
| 57.86
| | Na()
|
|
| 51.21
| | Na+()
| 240.1
| 261.9
| 59.0
| | Na+()
| 609.839
| 574.877
| 147.85
| | Na2()
| 142.0
| 104.0
| 230.1
| | NaBr()
| 361.1
| 349.0
| 86.82
| | Na2CO3()
| 1131
| 1044
| 135.0
| | NaHCO3()
| 950.8
| 851.0
|
| | NaCl()
| 411.1
| 384.0
| 72.13
| | NaCl()
| 407.3
| 393.1
| 115.5
| | NaClO3()
| 365.8
| 262.3
|
| | NaClO4()
| 383.3
| 254.9
| 142.3
| | NaF()
| 573.7
| 543.5
| 51.46
| | NaH()
| 56.27
| 33.5
| 40.02
| | NaI()
| 287.8
| 286.1
| 98.53
| | NaNO3()
| 467.9
| 367.1
| 116.5
| | NaNO3()
| 447.4
| 373.2
| 205.4
| | Na2O2()
| 510.9
| 447.7
| 94.98
| | NaOH()
| 425.6
| 379.5
| 64.48
| | NaOH()
| 469.2
| 419.2
| 48.1
| | NaH2PO4()
| 1537
| 1386
| 127.5
| | Na2HPO4()
| 1748
| 1608
| 150.5
| | Na3PO4()
| 1917
| 1789
| 173.8
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | NaHSO4()
| 1125
| 992.9
|
| | Na2SO4()
| 1387
| 1270
| 149.6
| | Na2SO4()
| 1390
| 1268
| 138.1
| | Na2SO410H2O()
| 4327
| 3647
| 592.0
| | Na2S2O3()
| 1123
| 1028
|
| |
| | Ni()
|
|
| 30.1
| | Ni2+()
| 64.0
| 46.4
| 159
| | NiCl2()
| 305.3
| 259.0
| 97.7
| | Ni(OH)2()
| 529.7
| 447.2
| 88.0
| |
| | O()
| 249.2
| 231.7
| 160.9
| | O2()
|
|
| 205.0
| | O3()
| 142.7
| 163.2
| 238.8
| | OH()
| 230.0
| 157.2
| 10.75
| | OF2()
| 24.5
| 41.8
| 247.3
| |
| | P()
| 333.9
| 292.0
| 163.1
| | P(, )
|
|
| 41.1
| | P4(, )
| 17.6
| 12.1
| 22.8
| | P2()
| 146.2
| 103.8
| 218.0
| | P4()
| 58.9
| 24.5
| 279.9
| | PCl3()
| 287.0
| 267.8
| 311.7
| | PCl3()
| 319.7
| 272.3
| 217.1
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | PCl5()
| 374.5
| 305.0
| 364.5
| | PCl5()
| 443.5
|
|
| | PH3()
| 5.4
| 13.4
| 210.1
| | P4O10()
| 2984
| 2698
| 228.9
| | PO43()
| 1277
| 1019
| 222
| | HPO42()
| 1292.1
| 1089.3
| 33
| | H2PO4()
| 1296.3
| 1130.4
| 90.4
| | H3PO4()
| 1288.3
| 1142.7
|
| |
| | Pb()
|
|
| 64.81
| | Pb2+()
| 1.7
| 24.43
| 10.5
| | PbBr2()
| 278.7
|
| 161.5
| | PbCl2()
| 359
| 314
|
| | PbI2()
| 175.5
| 173.6
| 174.8
| | PbO(, )
| 219.0
| 189.2
| 66.5
| | PbO2()
| 277
| 217.4
| 68.6
| | PbS()
| 98.3
| 96.7
| 91.3
| | PbSO4()
| 919.9
| 813.2
| 148.6
| |
| | Rb+()
| 495.04
|
|
| | Rb+()
| 246
| 282.2
|
| | Rb()
| 85.81
| 55.86
| 169.99
| | Rb()
|
|
| 69.5
| | RbF()
| 549.28
|
|
| | RbCl()
| 430.58
|
|
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | RbBr()
| 389.2
| 378.1
| 108.3
| | RbI()
| 328
| 326
| 118.0
| |
| | S (, )
|
|
| 31.8
| | S (, )
| 0.30
| 0.096
| 32.6
| | S8()
| 102.3
| 49.16
| 430.2
| | S()
|
|
|
| | S2()
|
| 80.1
| 228.1
| | S2()
| 41.8
| 83.7
|
| | HS()
| 17.7
| 12.6
| 61.1
| | H2S()
| 20.63
| 33.56
| 205.7
| | H2S()
| 39
| 27.4
|
| | S2Cl2()
| 18.4
| 31.8
| 331.5
| | SF6()
| 1209
| 1105
| 291.7
| | SO2()
| 296.8
| 300.2
| 248.1
| | SO3()
| 395.7
| 371.1
| 256.6
| | SO42()
| 909.3
| 744.5
| 20.1
| | HSO4()
| 885.75
| 752.87
| 126.9
| | H2SO4()
| 814.0
| 690.1
| 156.9
| | H2SO4()
| 909.3
| 744.6
| 20.08
| | S2O32()
| 648.5
| 522.5
|
| | SO2Cl2()
| 364.0
| 320.0
| 311.8
| | SO2Cl2()
| 394.1
| 314
|
| |
| | Si()
|
|
| 18.8
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | SiH4()
|
| 56.9
| 204.5
| | Si2H6()
| 80.3
|
| 272.5
| | SiO2(, )
| 910.9
| 856.5
| 41.84
| |
| | Sn(, )
|
|
| 51.55
| | Sn(, )
| 2.1
| 0.1
| 44.14
| | SnCl4()
| 511.3
| 440.2
|
| | SnO()
| 286
| 257
| 56.5
| | SnO2()
| 580.7
| 519.7
| 52.3
| |
| | Sr2+()
|
|
|
| | Sr2+()
| 545.8
| 557.3
| 32.6
| | Sr+()
| 719.6
|
|
| | Sr()
|
|
| 164.54
| | Sr()
|
|
| 54.4
| | SrCl2()
| 828.4
| 781.2
|
| | SrF2()
| 1216.3
|
| 82.1
| | SrO()
| 592.0
| 562.4
| 55.5
| | SrCO3()
| 1218
| 1138
| 97.1
| | SrSO4()
| 1445
| 1334
|
| |
| | Ti(s)
|
|
| 30.6
| | TiCl2(s)
| 513.8
| 464.4
| 87.4
| | TiCl3(s)
| 720.9
| 653.5
| 139.7
| | TiCl4()
| 763.2
| 726.8
|
|
| ,
| Δ Hf0 (/)
| Δ Gf0 (/)
| S0 (/∙ )
| | TiCl4()
| 804.2
| 737.2
| 252.3
| | TiO2(s)
| 944.7
| 889.5
| 50.33
| |
| | U(s)
|
|
| 50.21
| | UF6()
| 2147
| 2064
|
| | UF6(s)
| 2197
| 2069
|
| | UO2(s)
| 1085
| 1032
| 77.03
| |
| | Zn()
|
|
| 41.6
| | Zn()
| 130.5
| 94.93
| 160.9
| | Zn2+()
| 153.9
| 147.1
| 112.1
| | ZnCl2(s)
| 415.1
| 369.4
| 111.5
| | Zn(OH)2()
| 641.9
| 553.5
| 81.2
| | ZnO(s)
| 348.3
| 318.3
| 43.64
| | ZnS()
| 203
| 198
| 57.7
|
|