XI. Прочтите текст. Письменно переведите 1 и 4 абзацы. How funds flow through a business

How funds flow through a business

1. Basically, money or funds go into purchasing assets, paying operating expenses and producing income. The operating expenses include the cost of materials and supplies. The manufacturer also must pay employee wages, rent or mortgage, insurance premiums and utility bills.

2. Some very small firms operate on a cash basis. They neither obtain credit nor borrow money. Other firms extend their resources through the use of credit. The owner of the firm invests some of his own money and has a lot more of other people’s.

3. The business use money to buy assets like land, buildings and furnishings, and tools, machines, and equipment. The manufacturer sometimes buys them with mortgage loans which he secures by the building or the equipment itself. In other words, the bank or insurance company really owns the property until the manufacturer has paid the mortgage in full. The use or debt, or credit, increases both the assets and the income of the purchaser. The use of borrowed money to make more money is called leverage.

4. If the manufacturer is sure that cash will be available at any time, he will need no cash reserve. But this rarely happens. Instead he always needs a reserve supply of cash on hand. And this poses a problem for management. Idle cash earns no profit and declines in value because of inflation. Cash is used to produce income. If a manager has some idle cash, he will put it into financial institutions to draw interest. Sometimes a company with excess funds will buy securities from one of the exchanges and let them earn income until the company needs funds. Then it will sell the securities to get the funds. These securities are called near money.

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте нужный артикль: a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -.