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Степени сравнения прилагательных
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Прилагательное (adjective) в английском языке имеет три степени сравнения – positive, comparative, superlative - положительная, сравнительная и превосходная.
Степени сравнения (Degrees of Сomparison) – образуются двумя способами.
| positive | comparative | superlative | |
| I. с помощью суффиксов –er, -est - односложные прилагательные - двусложные прилагательные, которые заканчиваются на –er, -ly, -y, - w | large Ex. There is a large park near my house. A red ball is isn’t so large as a green one. | larger Ex. A city is larger thana town | the largest Ex. Eurasia isthe largest continent. |
| II. многосложные прилагательные образуют степени сравнения с помощью слов more, the most | beautiful Ex. His pictures are very beautiful. A daughter is as beautiful as her mother. | morebeautiful Ex. I think that Siamese cats are more beautiful than Persian ones | the most beautiful Ex. It’s the most beautiful garden I’ve ever seen. |
As (positive degree) as – такой же … как
Not so (positive degree) as – не такой … как
Существуют некоторые особенности написания степеней сравнения прилагательных:
1) Если слово оканчивается на согласный, перед которым следует краткий ударный гласный, то конечная согласная буква удваивается – big – bigger – the biggest.
2) Если слово оканчивается на ‘у’ перед которой следует согласный, то ‘y’ на ‘i’ и прибавляется суффикс – heavy – heavier – the heaviest
3) Если слово заканчивается на немую ‘е’, то при прибавлении суффиксов er, est – ‘e’ опускается – large – larger – the largest
Существуют исключения, которые образуют степени сравнения не по правилам:
| positive | comparative | superlative |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| little | less | the least |
| old | older | the oldest |
| old | elder | the eldest (о родственниках) |
| far | farther | the farthest (о расстоянии) |
| far | further | the further (о времени) |
Задание 1.1. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных:
Hot, long, short, clever, silly, great, red, black, white, thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, cold, merry, small, tall, high, weak, strong, heavy, light, green, dry, clean, dirty, wide, deep, brave.
Задание 1.2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного:
1) Which is ___: the United States or Canada (large)?
2) What is the name of the ___ port in the United States (big)?
3) Moscow is the___ city in Russia (large).
4) The London underground is the ___ in the world (old).
5) There is a ___ number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia (great).
6) St. Petersburg is one of the ___ cities in the world (beautiful).
7) The rivers in America are much ___ than those in England (big).
8) The island of Great Britain is ___ than Greenland (small).
9) What is the name of the ___ mountain in Asia (high)?
10) The English Channel is ___ than the Straits of Gibraltar (wide).
Задание 1.3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя нужную форму прилагательного:
1.August is usually the _______ (hot) month in the UK. The temperature goes up to around 24 C. 2. This jacket cost 350 euros. It was the _______ (expensive) in the shop. 3. Health is _______ (important) than money for me. 4. Sam is ______ (tall) boy in the class. He is nearly two meters tall. 5. It’s the ______ (long) film I’ve seen. It lasts four hours. 6. Take some of these sweets: they are very ______ (tasty). They are _______ (tasty) than the sweets in that box. 7. A bus is ______ (fast) than a tram. 8. This pretty girl is the _______ (good) student in the group. 9. Which is the _______ (beautiful) place in this part of the county? 10. Today the weather is _______ (cold) than it was yesterday. 11. Her eyes are ______ (grey) than mine. 12. He was the _______ (fat) man in the village.13. As he went on, the box seemed ______ (heavy) and ______ (heavy). 14. My sister is the ______ (tall) girl in the class. 15. Who is the ______ (attentive) student in your group? 16. It is autumn. Every day the air becomes ______ (cold) and the leaves on the trees get ______ (yellow). 17. This is the ______ (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life. 18. Your dictation is now ______ (good) than it was last month, but it’s not so ______ (good) as Nick’s dictation. And of course Nellie has the ______ (good) dictation of all. 19. Oil is _______ (light) than water. 20. We shall wait for a ______ (dry) day to go on the excursion. 21. Phil is as ______ as Jim (clever). 22. A screen version isn’t so _______ as a book (interesting). 23. Days in May became ______ and ______ (hot). 24. It was _______ (difficult) question in the exam test. I spent much time answering it. 25. It was getting ______ and ______ (dark). And soon we couldn’t see our way.
Задание 1.4. Прочитайте и переведите диалоги:
1.
Reporter Hello. We’re interviewing Bruce Freezer, the boxer, who is going to have a fight with Joe Korton. What do you think, Bruce?
Bruce Freezer I’m the greatest.
R You were the greatest, but Joe is ten years younger than you.
B I’ve beaten him once, and I’m going to beat him again.
R Are you sure? Some people say he’s better than you.
B I’ve beaten all the best boxers, and Joe Korton is one of the worst!
R Really?
B I’m faster, stronger, fitter and more intelligent than him!
R OK then. Are you going to retire after this fight?
B Of course not! I’m going to stay the champion!
R Joe Korton doesn’t think so.
B Well, Korton is the ugliest man in the world! I’m going to beat him!
2.
A Look at that girl!
B What about her?
A Look at her dress!
B What about it?
A It’s the same as mine!
B No, it isn’t. Hers is shorter than yours.
A Really?
B Yes, and the sleeves are longer. Her dress isn’t so bright as yours. Yours is more beautiful than hers.
A Oh, really? Thank you.
3.
A What’s the matter? Why has the bus stopped?
B There is an accident.
A Here? Again?
B Yes. Why?
A There have been three this week, and it’s only Thursday. It’s the most dangerous corner I’ve ever seen.
3.
A Can I borrow some money?
B I’m sorry, but I’m broke.
A What can I do?
B Ask Frank. He is as rich as Rockefeller.