II. Adjective-clause

(a) By using some adjective or participle:

Complex Such pupils as work hard are likely to win a

prize.

Simple Hard-working pupils are likely to win a

prize.

(b) By using a noun in the Genitive or a Poss. Adj.:

Complex They soon forgot the labours they

had endured.

Simple. They soon forgot their past labours.

(c) By using a noun in apposition:

Complex This rule, from which all our troubles have come, is much disliked.

Simple This rule, the source of all our

troubles, is much disliked.

(d) By using a Preposition with its object:

Complex The benefits that he derived from his early training were soon lost.

Simple The benefits of his early training were soon lost.

(e) By using a Gerundial Infinitive:

Complex I have no money that I can spare.

Simple I have no money to spare.

(f) By using a Compound noun:

Complex That is the place where my father was buried.

Simple That was my father’s burial-place.

Ex.11. Define the type of sentences and state the method of converting one into another.

1. The explanation he gave was not to the point.
2. The year in which the school was opened was 1884.
3. Let us take a walk into the grove that adjoins my father’s house.
4. The army that Hannibal led against Rome was the most formidable that the Romans had up to that time encountered.
5. He was not fully aware of the extent of the dangers by which he was surrounded.
6. Mary Queen of Scots was the most unfortunate of all the sovereigns of that part of the century in which she lived.
7. The whole plan was upset by the course which affairs took after the 24th of May.
8. We decided on building a cottage in the vale that is watered by a streamlet which flows from a perennial fountain.
9. The people of Israel mourned in the land to which they had been taken captive.

10. The temple of Solomon was built on the site which David had taken from the Jebusites who were its former masters.

11. There was no rope whereby the boat might be tied to the river’s bank.

12. The intelligence that the lower animals display in the search for food and in the preservation of their young is something very different from what is called a blind instinct.

13. You are not the kind of man who would tell an untruth for the sake of an advantage that would be merely temporary.

14. This is a rule that must not be violated by any one, and admits of no variation.