III. Adverb-clause

(a) By using a preposition with gerund:

Complex The boy was pleased that he has won

a prize.

Simple The boy was pleased at having won a prize.

(b) By using a participle:

Complex As the main point has been gained, success is certain.

Simple The main point having been gained,

success is certain.

(c) By using a Gerundial (or Qualifying) Infinitive:

Complex They were surprised, when they heard him

confess.

Simple They were surprised to hear him confess.

Ex.12. State the method of converting sentences.

1. He drew the plan of the building more skillfully than any one else could have done it.
2. They were much alarmed, when they saw that their position was hopeless.
3. The king or queen cannot impose taxes, unless Parliament consents or approves.
4. If a man puts on the appearance of honesty, he can sometimes pass for honest.
5. Though he is a man of years and experience, he is still apt to be imprudent and thoughtless when some sudden emergency occurs.
6. The speaker declared he had changed his mind on that subject, so that the audience were much surprised and distressed.
7. As the sun has set, we had better start for home.
8. These men suspect that I am a swindler.
9. When the fire was put out and the inmates of the house rescued, the firemen removed the pumps, so that they might take a little rest.

10. As the judge has already decided the case, further defence is useless.

11. His mother will be much consoled, when she sees that her son has escaped from so many dangers.

12. I should be indeed sorry, if I were the cause of your ruin or stood in the way of your advancement.

13. He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.

14. There is no branch of knowledge so difficult that it cannot be conquered by perseverance.

15. The rope in your hand is so long, that it will touch the bottom of the well, if a stone is tied to the end of it.

16. He was not so courageous, that he was willing to ride that spirited horse.

17. The moment I saw how industriously and patiently he worked, I decided that I would secretly give him some pecuniary help that very day.

18. He made such an excellent speech in defence of his friend, that every one admired and respected him.