Lesson 7

EX.1.

1. Перфорационные работы, кислотная обработка.

2. без спуска обсадной колонны в зону пласта.

3. Если породы недостаточно твердые, может произойти обвал стенок скважины.

4. Прострел стенок обсадной колонны для образования отверстий для нефти.

5. Используется пробойник, спускаемый в скважину на металлическом тросе и несущий пулевые заряды. Приводится в действие при помощи электрического сигнала.

6. Используются заряды сжатого газа. Перфораторы спус­каются на НКТ. Приводятся в действие при ударе по детонатору, расположенному над перфораторами, перфо­рационным ломиком.

7. Стимуляция пласта путем расширения пор и облегчения выхода нефти.

8. Селективная и " закачкой в лоб".

9. Нельзя контролировать направление закачиваемой кисло­ты, большой расход кислоты, большие объемы дополнитель­ных работ по окончании кислотной обработки.

10. Подготовительный, закачка кислоты, завершение работ.

11. Инструмент для изоляции одного участка скважины от другого.

ЕХ.5.

1. Acid job is a method to stimulate formation.

2. Perforating job is performed to make holes in casing to let oil come into the wellbore.

3. Correct.

4. Correct.

5. Corrosion inhibitor is used to prevent acid affect on tubing.

6. Packer is a tool used to separate one wellbore section from another.

7. Correct.

8. Good acid blend should never mix with oil.

9. Correct.

EX.6.

1. Rotate tubing string to the left or to the right.

2. Acid is tested for compatibility with oil. If acid and oil do not mix the blend is considered to be of good quality.

3. Corrosion inhibitor is used to protect tubing from acid affect.

4. Selective acid job allows to treat all perforations with acid by means of using a packer and not to waste acid.

5. Up to 1.5 metres.

6. Determine formation depth, correlation, tool depth, etc.

7. Charges can come off all of a sudden as a result from occasional radio signal.

8. Drop a perforating bar into tubing.

9. If all the charges came off and there are holes in casing.

10. To compare perfs depth with the tool's depth and space out if necessary.

11. Preparation, acid squeezing, accomplishing stage.

LESSON 8

EX.5.

1. Swabbing is conducted after the acid job to recover water and initiate flow.

2. Correct.

3. Lubricator is a pipe used to keep a sinker bar with a cup in it and prevent fluid from splashing to the rig floor.

4. Separator is used to separate oil from gas and water.

5. When gas is separated from oil in the separator, it goes to the flareline and is burnt in a pit.

6. Correct.

EX.6.

1. A method to get rid of water in a well and initiate oil flow.

2. Water column hydrostatic pressure is higher than formation pressure so the well can not flow.

3. Sinker bar, mandrel, no-go, cup, swabbing valve, lubricator, swabbing tree.

4. To protect a sinker bar with a cup and prevent fluid from flowing to the rig floor.

5. A portion of gas coming out of a well.

6. Danger of a blowout.

7. Tubing and casing pressures, separator pressure.

8. To separate oil from gas and water.

9. Horizontal, vertical, spherical.

10. Two-phase: separate oil from gas. Three phase: separate oil from gas and water.

11. Separated fluids must not dissolve, one fluid must be lighter than the other.

12. For safety reasons, to have occurate measurements of oil and gas produced.

13. Pressure control, level control.

14. After 6 hours of stable flowrate with low percentage watercut.

EX.9.2.

1. Speed up the separation process and reduce the size and cost of the separator.

2. Proper selection of internal devices reduces the cost of the separator by as much as 50%.

3. In case if there is a likelihood they will become plugged with wax or sand.

4. To prevent funneling effect when gas flows out with fluid.

5. It prevents fluid from flowing out to the middle of the vessel and reducing the effectiveness of the vapour disengaging space.