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An assemblage of one or more winding drums mounted on a frame is called a hoist or winch. A free-standing winch unit with integral controls and power plant is called a base-mounted drum hoist. Power sources, drives, and control systems vary widely.

A conventional winch is powered by a gasoline or diesel engine with a mechanical gear train and two or three drums. A disconnect clutch may be provided between the engine and gear train with additional clutches mounted at each drum. A brake band is built around the periphery of one flange on each drum. Each drum can therefore be individually controlled. For additional safety, a ratchet-and-pawl system can be included at each drum, providing a means for locking the drum against inadvertent spooling out of rope. When the pawl is engaged, the drum is said to be dogged or dogged off.

The operator starts the winch by running the engine and engaging the main clutch. This action sets the gear train in motion, but the drums will not turn. To lift a load, the operator engages the clutch on the appropriate drum. As the drum starts to spool in rope, the pawl will automatically disengage from the ratchet on the drum flange. The engine throttle is usually set to operating speed before lifting so that load acceleration is controlled by gradual engagement of the clutch in conjunction with use of the foot brake. To stop lifting, the clutch is disengaged and the foot brake applied. The drum pawl should be engaged if the load must be suspended for an extended period. To lower a load, the pawl is first released by momentarily engaging the drum clutch. Lowering is controlled by the foot brake.

Before the operator leaves the winch unattended, the load must be lowered to the ground—all drum dogs engaged, clutches disengaged, and the engine stopped. A grounded load will pose no threat of falling, but a machine with the engine running and main clutch engaged can be dangerous and in violation of regulations such as OSHA. With a live winch, an inadvertent engagement of a clutch could raise the hook, or a momentary engagement could release the dog and cause the hook to fall.

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