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Exercise 16. Complete the sentences choosing suitable words from the box.
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| Moaning, prescribing, secreting, defining, having, smoking, relieving, bleeding |
1. There are millions of people all over the world who gave up ………….
2. The gastric glands begin ………… before food enters the stomach.
3. The patient started ………. when the doctor began palpating his abdomen.
4. Erosions, ulcers and tumours can cause ………………..
5. Administration of drugs is an important part of ……… symptoms of gastritis.
6. The patient complained of …………. severe headaches which were not relieved by medications.
7. Making a correct diagnosis and ……………..a proper treatment leads to a quick recovery.
8. The blood can’t be transfused without …………. its blood group.
Exercise 17. Put questions to underlined words:
1. Stomach acids contribute to ulcer formation.
2. Slight elevation of temperature is observed in acute gastritis.
3. A diagnosis can be based on the history changes of the chest X-ray.
4. The patient has noticed that her gastric pains appear after eating.
5. There are several types of gastritis.
6. The pain often occurs between meals and early in the morning.
7. The bacteria have produced substances that weaken the stomach’s mucosa.
8. The patient felt much relief after having taken this drug.
Exercise 18. Open the brackets and translate the sentences:
1. Indirect laryngoscopy usually (to disclose) marked erythema of the mucous membrane.
2. Next Monday the patient suffering from severe liver damage (to make) a dialysis.
3. Preventive measures already (to carry) out to prevent early signs of gastric cancer.
4. The patient (to feel) relief after he (to take) this medicine 2 hours before.
5. While the doctor (to examine) the patient, he (to notice) the enlargement of lymphatic glands.
6. If gastritis (not to treat) properly, it will lead to even cancer of the stomach.
7. The patient (to suffer) from chronic gastritis for over 3 years.
8. This patient (to become) ambulatory 2 weeks ago.
Exercise 19. Translate into English:
1. Гастрит – це запалення слизової оболонки шлунка, спричинене надмірним вживання алкоголю чи не стероїдним препаратами.
2. Більшість людей, які хворіють на гастрит, спочатку не відчувають розладів травної системи.
3. Гастрит супроводжується нудотою, блювотою з домішками крові, відрижкою, та іншими розладами травної системи.
4. Пацієнти повинні уникати вживання гострої їжі, алкогольних напоїв та припинити палити.
5. Антацидні препарати дуже часто призначають для лікування гастриту.
6. Антацидні препарати дуже добре нейтралізують кисле середовище у шлунку і швидко знімають біль.
7. Гастрит може проходити з підвищеною або зниженою кислотністю.
8. Пацієнти можуть відчувати печію та здуття черевної порожнини.
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
| I. Перекладіть наступні словосполучення: 1. загрозлива для життя хвороба 2. печія та здуття черевної порожнини 3. ліки, що дозволені до продажу без рецепту 4. розгорнутий аналіз крові 5. злоякісна анемія 6. вистилка шлунку 7. зловживання алкоголю 8. значне полегшення 9. наслідки хвороби 10. блювота з домішками крові II. Дайте відповідь на наступні питання: 1. What is gastritis? 2. What are the symptoms of gastritis? 3. What are the causes of gastritis? 4. How is gastritis treated? 5. What is the diagnosis of gastritis based on? ІІІ. Дайте визначення: гастрит |
Test
1. The stomach lining contains special cells that produce ………………...
A) sputum B) acid and enzymes C) bacteria D) bile E) mucous
2. NSAIDs can …………… gastritis.
A) Relieve B) contribute to C) cause D) treat E) aggravate
3. ……………. causes are infection with bacteria, primarily H. pylori, chronic bile reflux and stress.
A) acute B) atrophic C) chronic D) gangrenous E) unchangeable
4. Pernicious aneamia results when the body doesn’t produce enough …………
A) iron B) zink C) B6 D) B12 E) vitamin C
5. Consumption of spicy food is contraindicated because it ………… the mucosa of the stomach.
A) soothes B) irritates C) ruptures D)protects E)provoke
6. …………… can provide fast pain relief.
A) antacids B) cytoprotective agents C) proton pump inhibitor
D) antibiotics E) antiretroviral drugs
7. ……………. inhibit the growth of bacteria.
A) antacids B)cytoprotective agents C) proton pump inhibitor
D) antibiotics E) vasodilators
8. ……………… is an instrument inserted through the mouse to inspect the inside of the stomach.
a) Gastroscope b) Gastrectomy c) Gastromalacia d) Gastralgia
e) Gastrotomy
9. Gastritis appears ………… the inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
A) with B) of C) due to D) by E) in
10. Acute gastritis (catarrhal gastritis) is due ……….. a great variety of causes.
A) from B) to C) on D) in E) off
| GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS |
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:
| aggravate, v | [' æ ɡ rə veɪ t] | загострювати; посилювати; погіршувати |
| appetite, n | [ˎ æ pɪ 'taɪ t] | апетит |
| aspirin, n | [' æ sprɪ n] | аспірин |
| belch, v | [' beltʃ ] | відрижка; відригувати |
| caffeine, n | [' kæ fi: n] | кофеїн |
| gnaw, v | ['nɔ: ] | палити |
| helicobacter pylori | [helikə 'bæ ktə paɪ 'lɔ: raɪ ] | гелікоба́ ктер піло́ рі |
| hydrochloric acid | ['haɪ drə ʊ ' klɒ rɪ k 'æ sɪ d] | соляная кислота |
| ibuprofen, n | [aɪ 'bju: prə ʊ fə n] | ібупрофен |
| lesion, n | ['lɪ ʒ ə n] | пошкодження, ушкодження; ураження |
| pepsin, n | [' pepsɪ n] | пепсин |
| perforation, n | [ˎ pɜ: fə 'reɪ ʃ n] | порив, перфорація |
| peritonitis, n | [ˎ peritə 'naɪ tɪ s] | запалення очеревини, перитоніт |
| recurrence, n | [' rɪ 'kʌ rə ens] | повернення, повторення |
| sore, adj | [' sɔ: ] | болючий; запалений; виразка, рана |
| susceptible, adj | [' sə 'septɪ bl] | вразливий; сприйнятливий |
| tarry stool | ['tæ rɪ stu: l] | дьогтеподібний стул |
| ulcer, n | ['ʌ lsə ] | виразка |
| vulnerable, adj | ['vʌ lnə rə bə l] | уразливий |
| weaken, v | ['wi: kə n] | ослабляти |
Exercise 2. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the given word-combinations:
A lesion on the skin, gastric ulcers, lifestyle factors, to cause a duodenal ulcer, stomach acids, the primary cause, to weaken the stomach protective mucosa, damaging effect of acid, to be more susceptible, the healing process, to contribute to ulcer recurrence, to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, to aggravate the pain, heavy alcohol consumption, to be vulnerable to the harmful effects of acid, a burning pain, between the breastbone and the navel, belching and nausea, to avoid spicy foods, to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach, to prevent ulcers from recurring
Exercise 3. Match the following terms with their definitions:
| a) perforation | 1. The enlarged muscular saclike part of the alimentary canal in which food is stored until it has been partially digested and rendered into chyme |
| b) stomach | 2. The development or the act of perforating or the state of being perforated |
| c) helicobacter pylori | 3. A disintegration of the surface of the skin or a mucous membrane resulting in an open sore that heals very slowly |
| d) tarry stools | 4. The first part of the small intestine, between the stomach and the jejunum |
| e) ulcer | 5. … is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach, and may be present in other parts of the body, such as the eye. |
| f) duodenum | 6. In medicine it refers to the black, " tarry" feces that are associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The black color is caused by the hemoglobin in the blood being altered by digestive chemicals and intestinal bacteria. |
| g) pepsin | 7. Expelling the wind from the stomach noisily through the mouth |
| h) belching | 8. Pepsinogen a proteolytic enzyme produced in the stomach in the inactive form, which, when activated by acid, splits proteins into peptones |
Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to Grammar:
1. Some lifestyle factors are thought to cause ulcers.
2. Specific bacteria are considered to be the primary cause of gastric ulcers.
3. Gastritis is known to be an inflammatory process in the stomach.
4. Caffeine seems to aggravate the pain of an existing ulcer.
5. Heavy alcohol consumption is likely to play a role in the development of stomach or duodenal ulcers.
6. Smoking is known to slow the healing process of ulcers.
7. Complications are likely to be caused by profuse bleeding.
8. Some drugs proved to make the stomach vulnerable to the harmful effects of gastric acid.
9. Emotional stress is no longer thought to be the primary cause of ulcers.
10. Patients with duodenal ulcer were found to be too nervous.
Exercise 5. Read the text and write out the key words: