Exercise 8. What ulcer symptoms are described below?

1 the feeling of being about to vomit;

2 expelling wind from the stomach noisily through the mouth;

3 a general feeling of being unwell;

4 the reflex action of ejecting the content of the stomach through the mouth;

5 mental or physical tiredness;

6 the creation of a hole in the intestines

Exercise 9. Fill in the table “Gastric and duodenal ulcers”:

Definition
Causes
Symptoms
Complications
Treatment

Exercise 10. Translate into your native language:

a) Make up the questions to the underlined parts of the sentences:

Case Presentation

Harold, a fifty-eight year old grocery store manager, had recently been waking up in the middle of the night with abdominal pain. This was happening several nights a week. He was also experiencing occasional discomfort in the middle of the afternoon. Harold decided to schedule an appointment with his physician.

The doctor listened as Harold described his symptoms and then asked Harold some questions. He noted that Harold's appetite had suffered as a result of the pain he was experiencing and as a result of the fear that what he was eating may be responsible for the pain. Otherwise, Harold seemed fine.

b). Open the brackets:

The doctor (to refer) Harold to a physician that specialized in internal medicine and had Harold make an appointment for a procedure called an endoscopy. The endoscopy (to perform) at a hospital later that week. During the procedure, a long, thin tube (to insert) into Harold's mouth and directed into his digestive tract. The end of the tube was equipped with a light source and a small camera which (to allow) the doctor to observe the interior of Harold's stomach. The endoscope was also equipped with a small claw-like structure that the doctor (can) use in order to obtain a small tissue sample from the lining of Harold's stomach, if required.

The endoscopy (to reveal) that Harold (to have) a peptic ulcer. Analysis of a tissue sample taken from the site showed that Harold also (to have) an infection that was caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The doctor who performed the endoscopy gave Harold prescriptions for two different antibiotics and a medication that (to decrease) the secretion of stomach acid. The doctor also (to instruct) Harold to schedule an appointment for another endoscopy procedure in 6 months.

Exercise 11. Translate into English:

Спіралевидна паличковидна грамнегативна бактерія; виразка шлунку; дуоденальна виразка; сприяти утворенню виразки; захисна слизова шлунку; вразливий до інфекції; дія пепсину та кислоти; рецидив виразки; процес загоювання; секреція кислоти; погіршувати біль; надмірне споживання алкоголю; нездптність захищатися; соляна кислота та пепсин; нестероїдні та противозапальні препарати; уразливий до шкідливої дії кислоти; тривати декілька годин; відчувати болісний ниючий та пекучий біль; затримувати процес загоювання; втрата ваги та апетиту; піддаватися лікуванню; ускладнення після перітоніту

Exercise 12. Finish the sentence using Complex Subject:

Gastric and duodenal ulcers are known …

a) спричиняються різними факторами;

b) характеризуються ниючим або гострим болем у верхній частині живота;

c) призводять до внутрішнькровотечі;

d) часто розвиваються у курців;

e) часто пов'язані з надмірним вживанням алкоголю;

f) лікуються швидко та ефективно;

g) викликаютьнудоту, відрижку, блювання

Exercise 13. Change the sentences using Complex Subject:

1. It is known that spring and autumn are those seasons when the patients with ulcer suffer from the recurrence of the disease.

2. It is considered that constant fatigue, the lesion of the nervous system and past diseases contribute to the onset of gastritis.

3. It has been found that gastric and duodenal ulcers develop more frequently in men than in women.

4. It is considered that too hot or too cold food contributes to the development of gastric disorders.

5. It is known that excessive amount of gastric acids causes irritation of the stomach mucosa.

6. It was supposed that complications were caused by profuse haemorrhage.

7. It is likely that the patient has obstruction of intestinal opening.

8. It is observed that in severe forms of gastritis acid secretion is completely reduced.

Exercise 14.* Compose a case history of the patient with ulcer. Use the given expressions:

Patient B. was admitted....

He/she complained of...

On physical examination...

Analyses of gastric juice...

Stool tests...

The endoscopic examination...

The patient was administered...

The course of the disease was...

The patient was recommended...

The patient was discharged...

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)

TEST

1. When the ulcer is in the stomach, it is called a …ulcer.

a)Gastric b)renal c)ocular d)hepatic e)costal

2. Smoking …

a) speeds up the healing of ulcers b)facilitates the ulcer healing

c)prevents ulcer recurrence d) decreases the chances of getting an ulcer

e)contributes to ulcer recurrence

3. The most common ulcer symptom is a … pain in the abdomen between the breastbone and the navel.

a) gnawing b)pressing c) sharp d) irradiating e) boring

4. The treatment of ulcers includes…. medication.

a) anti-inflammatory b) antibacterial c) antipyretic

d) antiemetic e) anti-ulcer

5. In most cases, anti-ulcer medicines heal ulcers ….

a) quickly b) slowly c) progressively d) spontaneously e) suddenly

6. Eradication of H. pylori … most ulcers from recurring.

a) prevents b) have prevented c) prevent d) to prevent e) preventing

7. Pain may … a few minutes to a few hours.

a) last from b) last on c) last out d) last in e) last for

8. Constant fatigue … to the onset of gastritis.

a) consider to contribute b) is consider to contribute c) considered to contribute d) considers to contribute e) to consider to contribute

9. Factors suspected of playing a role in the development of stomach or duodenal ulcers are

a) the Bacillus tetani b) specific organisms bacilli diphtheria

c) the Plasmodium malariae d) Helicobacter pylori

e) the human immunodeficiency virus

10. Stimulates acid secretion in the stomach … can aggravate the pain of an existing ulcer.

a) which b) what c) who d) whom e) whose

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

Exercise 2. Form the following new words and translate them into your native language:

Model: translate – transla tion, establish - establish ment

-Y: bone, blood, health, sleep, taste, water, noise, dirt.

-MENT: enlarge, impair, develop, achieve, treat, require, involve, measure.

-TION: complicate, obstruct, constipate, inflame, operate, examine, observe, prevent.

-NESS: weak, deaf, ill, red, tired, restless, tender.