Hepato- [hepatב] - combing form of Greek origin denotingliver

Read the definition and fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets:

1. A malignant tumour of the liver in newborns or children

2. A specialist in liver diseases

3. Any disease of the liver

4. The scientific study about liver diseases -....

5. Gallbladder -....

6. A malignant tumour of the liver

7. Inflammation of the gallbladder

8. The surgical cutting (incision) of the gallbladder

9. Surgical removal of the gall-bladder

10. Any disease of the gallbladder

11. Originating in the liver

12. An abnormal enlargement of the liver caused by congestion, inflammation, or a tumour

13.Inflammation of the gallbladder, characterized by fever, jaundice and weakness

14.Radiography of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast medium

Exercise 7.Match the explanations with the terms:

Exercise 8. Find the corresponding equivalents; memorize the meanings of these word combinations:

Місце хірургічної інфекції, невелика жовтяниця склер, біль в розрізі, пупкова область, сальні, жирні або смажені продукти, накопичення жовчі, швидка втрата ваги, недолік кисню, сильний біль, сильна хворобливість.

Exercise 9. Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction Complex subject:

1. This diet seems to be good for the patients and should be recommended.

2. The basic mode of action is thought to be the same.

3. An ECG-based diagnosis may prove to be extremely difficult in patients with re-infarction.

4. A new imaging system is expected to give radiology additional information to guide biopsy recommendation.

5. Coronary patients are established to be at an increased risk of cardiac infarction.

6. Environmental factors are known to of significance.

7. Additional studies are required to determine the precise role of protein.

8. Sometimes pain is observed to appear suddenly in quite healthy persons.

9. The chemical blood analysis is known to reveal some changes, they resulting from the effect of toxic substances in the liver.

10. This phenomenon has been found to have a wide occurrence.

Exercise 10. Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense of the Indefinite group. Translate the sentences:

1. Products of protein, fat, and carbohydrate digestion (to be absorbed) from the gastrointestinal tract by the liver in which they (to undergo) further chemical processes.

2. The liver (to destroy) toxic substances which usually (to be formed) in the intestinal tract as well as some poisons which (to enter) the body from without.

3. Jaundice (to be known) to be the disease which (to be due to) the presence of a large amount of bilirubin in the blood and tissues.

Exercise 11. Choose the appropriate form of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences:

1. The patient was known... stool retention accompanied by nausea a month before his present admission to the hospital. (a) to have; b) to have had; c) to be having)

2. Sensitivity to antibiotics was reported... not only in this patient but in all the other members of the family as well since their early age. (a) to be present; b) to have been present)

3. Prophylactic vaccination was found... since no cases of hepatitis were diagnosed after its administration. (a) to be effective; b) to have been effective)

4. Skin irritation was revealed... after each parenteral administration of this preparation. (a) to occur; b) to have occurred; c) to be occurring)

Exercise12. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. Hydrochloric acid is greatly diminished or absent in untreated cases of chronic gastritis.

2. Cases of appendicitis have been noted even in infants.

3. Tuberculosis may affect not only the lungs but also other organs.

4. The pain often occurs between meals and early in the morning.

5. Blood pressure involves two measurements.

6. The blood analysis revealed moderate leucocytosis and an elevated ESR.

7. People with ulcers may experience serious complications.

8. The bacterium produces substances that weaken the stomach’s protective mucosa.

9. Symptoms vary with the severity of the inflammation.

10. On admission to the hospital the patient complained of a severe pain in the epigastrium.

Exercise 13. Translate into English:

1. Причинами виникнення холециститу є ураження різними інфекційними хворобами.

2. Останнім часом виникнення холециститу пов'язують також з вірусною природою (внаслідок вірусного гепатиту).

3. Сприяють виникненню холециститу застій жовчі в жовчному міхурі, наявність жовчних каменів, дискінезія жовчних шляхів, яка виникає під впливом стресових станів і негативних емоцій, розладнання функцій ендокринної, центральної і вегетативної нервових систем.

4. Велику роль у цієї хвороби відіграють переїдання, особливо жирної їжі, надмірна маса тіла, гіподинамія, шкідливі звички: споживання алкоголю, куріння

5. Виділяють гострий і хронічний холецистит, які важко піддаються лікуванню.

6. Холецистит часто ускладнюється запаленням жовчних шляхів (холенгітом), іноді запаленням підшлункової залози (панкреатитом).

7. Основні ознаки гострого холециститу: нападоподібні болі в правій половині живота, що іррадіюють в праве плече, лопатку; нудота і блювота; озноб і підвищення температури тіла; можливі жовтяниця і свербіння шкірного покриву.

8. Небезпечне ускладнення холециститу— перитоніт.

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

Exercise 2. Read the abstract and remember the main information about kidneys. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the table:

Kidnyes are the primary organs of …………. They are the organs that ……….., remove wastes, excrete wastes in the urine, and perform the functions of the urinary system. The paired kidneys are located between the twelfth thoracic and ……….., one on each side of the vertebral column. The right kidney usually …… lower than the left one. Each kidney is held in place by connective tissue and is …… a thick layer of adipose tissue. ………… closely envelopes each kidney and provides support for the soft tissue that is inside.

Exercise 3. Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with their English equivalents:

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: